Background

Brahmins afraid by Buddhism because they feel insecure and fear of loss of power from Buddhism, that’s why they destroy Buddhism and captured their monastery and temples. • Brahmins were not as greatly opposed to buddhas philosophical teachings as they were to his message of universal brotherhood and equality for it directly challenged their hegemony and the scriptures that they had invented to legitimize this.

S. NO.	STATES/UT	CITIES	TEMPLES
1.	ODISHA	PURI	JAGANNATH
		JAJPUR	RATNAGIRI
			UDAYAGIRI
2.	KARNATAKA	AIHOLE	DURGA TEMPLE
			CAITYAS OCHEZRALA AND TER
		BYLAKUPPE	PAS PAHAR BUDDHIST SHRINE
		MANGALORE	GOKARNANATHESHWARA
		CHIKKAMAGALURU	SRINGERI
3.	PUDUCHERRY	ARIYANKUPPAM	STATUE OF THE BUDDHA
4.	KERALA	THALASSERY	LORD AYYAPPA
		KODUNGALLUR	KURUMBA BHAGAVATHI
		THIRUVANANTHAPURAM	SREE KRISHNA SWAMY TEMPLE
		KOLLAM	BHARANIKAVU DEVI TEMPLE
			KARUNAGAPALLI
			PALLICKAL
		KOCHI	PARUVASSERY DURGA TEMPLE
			SHRI MAHA GANAPATHI TEMPLE
		THRISSUR	VADAKKUNNATHAN TEMPLE
		THIRUVANANTHAPURAM	PADMANABHA TEMPLE
		PATHANAMTHITTA	SABARIMALA
		ALAPPUZHA	KARTHIKAPALLI
		KUTTANADU ALAPPUZHA	NEELAMPERUR
		ERNAKULAM	PALLIPPURAM
5.	TAMIL NADU	ERODE	PACHAIMALAI MURUGAN TEMPLE
		TIRUVANNAMALAI	THIRUMANJANA GOPURAM
		KUMBAKONAM	NAGESWARAN TEMPLE
		CHENNAI	MAHABALIPURAM
6.	ANDHRA PRADESH	GUNTUR	NAGARJUNAKONDA
			ANANTASAYANGUDI CAVE TEMPLE
		NARASARAOPET	KAPOTESHWAR TEMPLE
		CHITTOOR	TIRUPATI
		KURNOOL	SRISAILAM TEMPLE
7.	MAHARASHTRA	SOLAPUR	SHRI VITTHAL RUKMINI MANDIR PANDHARPUR
		GHARAPURI	ELEPHANTA CAVES
		GOLEGAON	GIRIJATMAJ LENYADRI GANAPATI ASHTAVINAYAK
		LONAVALA	EKVIRA TEMPLE
		JUNNAR	AMBA-AMBIKA CAVES
		AURANGABAD	RAVAN KI KHAI
8.	UTTARAKHAND	CHAMOLI	BADRINATH
9.	BIHAR‎	NALANDA	NALANDA
		GAYA	BODH GAYA
10.	UTTAR PRADESH	VARANASI	SARNATH
11.	HARYANA	AMBALA	TEMPLE OF RAMBHAR BHAVANI
		JIND	BHUTESHWAR
12.	MADHYA PRADESH	PANNA	SATDHARA
		RAISEN	SANCHI
		CHHATARPUR	GHANTAI
		REWA	DEURKOTHAR
13.	ASAM	SAL KUSA	MADHAVA TEMPLE
14.	GUJARAT	AHMEDABAD	SHREE SOMNATH JYOTIRLING TEMPLE
15.	HIMACHAL PRADESH	TUNDE	TRILOKINATH TEMPLE

• In the name of revival of Hinduism in India, between 830 CE and 966 CE (or mid-9th to late 0th centuries) the ancestors of the present Hindus of India were ruthless against Buddhists and brutally killed Buddhist monks and followers of Buddhism and wantonly destroyed many thousands of Buddha statues, stupes and vihares.[4]
• These descriptions and references are supplemented by the discovery of remains of Buddhist structures at the sites of Hindu temples by archaeologists at several places in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.[5]
• Not only theoretically did the Hindus attack Buddhism, but the hundreds of Buddhist monks were slaughtered, their temples destroyed and” the massacre of thousands of Buddhist families was ordered by the sixth century c.e, Hindu king. [6]
• At Nagarjunakonda, located in Andra Pradesh, is another highly significant ancient Buddhist site. On its west side was Amaravathi which was another important ancient Buddhist site. The site was once the location of Buddhist universities and monasteries which attracted students from as far as China, Gandhara, Bengal, and Sri Lanka. In ancient times, this site housed more than 30 Buddhist viharas and excavations have yielded art works and inscriptions of great significance. At its peak, there were more than thirty monasteries and was the largest Buddhist centre in South India. Adi Sankara a Hindu monk played a demon’s role in destroying Buddhist statues and monuments. In a most ruthless manner, all Buddhist buildings at Nagarjunakonda were destroyed. Many of the pillars, statues, and sculptures were wantonly destroyed. A.H.Longhurst who conducted excavations at Nagarjunakonda has recorded the wanton destruction caused to this outstanding ancient Buddhist centre, in his book Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India No: 54, The Buddhist Antiquities of Nagarjunakonda (Delhi, 938, p.6.). Local tradition holds that the Hindu Brahmin teacher Sankaracharya who came to Nagarjunakonda with his followers were ruthless in destroying Buddhist monuments. Nagarjunakonda was one of India’s richest Buddhist sites but now lies almost entirely under the Nagarjunasagar Dam. It is named after Nagarjuna, who was an icon in Mahayana Buddhism and lived in the nd century CE.[7]
• The Hindu Brahmin KUMARILA BHATTA instigated king SUDDHAVANAN of Ujjaini of Madya Pradesh to torture and exterminate Buddhists including Buddhist monks. This barbaric and coveted Brahmanic Hindu invasion happened from the 5th to 8th centuries under cruel and reckless royal patronage. The most brutal persecution of Buddhist monks/nuns and conversion
of temples happened in eighth and ninth centuries under the leadership of Sankara the furious advocate of Brahmanical propaganda and violence.[8]
• Thousands of Buddhists were killed on the banks of the river at Aluva in Kerala and river Vaiga in Tamil Nadu. The THEVARAM which is a collection of Tamil devotional poetry consisting of several volumes, belonging to the 7th century, documents the brutal extermination of Buddhists. Kerala was forcibly transformed into a Brahmin Hindu state. Brahmin Hindus burned the Pali canon and the sacred texts of Buddhism in Kerala. They exterminated ,00 years of Buddhist tradition. Buddhism does not promote or accept the caste system. The Hindu Brahmans forcibly enforced the Hindu Caste system among the people who were converted to Hinduism.[9]
• In the 7th century, owing to extreme forms of persecution of Buddhists by the Pandyans in Tamil Nadu, there was an exodus of Buddhists from Tamil Nadu to Kerala. The Buddhists came to Kerala and established their temples and monasteries in different parts of Kerala and elsewhere. Buddhism flourished in Kerala until about the mid-9th century.[10]
• Kanchi has been a tri-ocean city of Buddhism, Jainism and Saivism. Kanchi was the seat of Buddhism. Kanji was dominated by Buddhists in ancient times. But now the Buddhist symbols in Kanji have been mostly destroyed or obscured. Symbols related to Buddhism, archaeological finds, Tamil literature [11]
,• YUANZHUANG, a Chinese Buddhist traveler who came to Kanji in the seventh century AD (640 AD), wrote in his travelogue that the stupas built by Emperor Ashoka in the third century BC were repaired in Kanji and that there were more than a hundred Buddhist monasteries in the city, including more than a thousand Buddhas. Monks lived there and besides these there were more than eighty Hindu Jain temples, he says [12]
•Currently, there are more than a hundred Hindu temples in Kanchi. Hindu Otuvars and Gurus work in it. But no Buddhist temples or obelisks or Buddhist monks could be found. All Buddhist symbols have been destroyed by Hindus[13]
• We know from Manimekalai that ILANGILLI, the younger brother of Chola named Killivalavan, who ruled Cholanadu in the second century AD, built a Buddha Temple during the reign of Thondai Nadu with Kanchi as his capital. “Composed by Bhim Bhum Bodhi Bhagav To the southwest of Chetian (Manimegalai-8:74-75) Also, MANIMEGALI says that Ilangilli set up a Buddha statue in the garden called “Darumatha Vanam” in Kanchi and performed a ceremony and ceremony. But today in Kanchi Buddha Temple and Buddha Peedik are not found. Everything is destroyed[14]
• The Pallava king MAHENDRA VARMAN (AD 590-69) who ruled Kanji in his book MADDHA VILASAP PRAKASANA says that there were many Buddhists Viharas in Kanji and the great Vihara who was the head of all these Viharas was called RAJA VIHARA. It is believed that some kings helped to build this vihara. However, it is speculated that the vihara may have been built by the early Pallava kings. YUANCHUANG in his travelogue mentions this strain very well. But this Raja Vihar was later destroyed. Its signs are not visible in kanji[15]
• The Hun ruler was converted by Brahmins (in 55 AD) and unleashed a wave of violent destruction on Buddhist monasteries in Punjab and Kashmir. He reports (verse 90 in book ) that “crows and birds of prey would fly ahead eager to feed on those within his armies reach”. He proudly proclaimed himself as the killer of three crores.[16]
• Hired Brahmin killers later tried to assassinate the Buddhist ruler Harshavardhana. As a Buddhist, he was unwilling to take life and so banished 500 Brahmins involved in the conspiracy to a remote area south of the Vindhyas.[17]
• a South Indian king, described himself as… “a fire to the Jain scriptures, a hunter of wild beasts in the form of the followers of Jina (Jains) and an adept at the demolition of Buddhist canon”. It also records “the deliberate destruction of non Brahminical literature like books of Lokayat/ Carvaca philosophy by Brihaspati mentioned by Albaruni in the th century.”[18]
• Several Nepalese accounts state that the followers of Buddha were ruthlessly persecuted, slain, exiled and forcibly converted. Though many converted rather than face death, humiliation or exile. The attackers tested their faith by making them perform ‘Hinsa’, or the sacrifice of live animals, that was abhorrent to Buddhists and Jains. Many bhikshunis, or nuns, were forcibly married and the learned Grihasthas were forced to cut off the distinguishing knot of hair on top of their heads. 84,000 Buddhist works were searched for and destroyed.[19]
• The worst examples were probably the bloodshed in the name Christianity and Islam but there were many examples among other people and their religions. Buddhism that had been strong in India in the 7th Century was completely obliterated a century later.[20]
• The prince BRAHDRAD (the grand-son of King Ashoka) was killed by Brahmin Leader Pushyamitra Shung in a conspiracy and these Brahmins destroyed the monasteries and massacred Buddhist monks. [21]
• According to eminent historian DN JHA, archaeological evidence has been found of Hindu structures being erected above the ruins of and reusing materials of Buddhist structures at Sarnath where the Buddha delivered his first sermon. Sarnath is hardly 5 kilometres from Varanasi. How would the Hindu revivalists, who are reclaiming the Gyanvapi mosque in the city with the “discovery of a Shivling,” feel if the Buddhists start demanding destruction of the Hindu structures at Sarnath and restoration of their revered place in its original architecture? [22]
• According to Jha, there is evidence to show that the Bhuteshwar and Gokarneshwar temples at Mathura were built on Buddhist sites. Will the Hindu revivalists, who are disputing the Shahi Idgah Masjid site at Mathura, join the Buddhists if they start demanding that the foundations of the two temples be dug up to check for the evidence of a Buddhist temple beneath them?[23]




• At Ahmedpur, for instance, a Brahminical temple seems to have been constructed on a stupa basein the fifth century, and icons have been found at several sites around Vidisha, which were transformed into Shaivite or Jain places of worship around the eighth century.[24]
• The Ravana Ki Khai cave is a Buddhist Vihara converted to a temple dedicated to Siva.[25]
• Dasavatara, which was originally a Buddhist shrine and was later converted into Brahminic temple and adorned with both Shaivite and Vaishnavite bas-reliefs[26]
• Numerous Buddhist temples were taken over by the Brahmins, the most prominent being the shrine of Pas Pahar atop the Takht i Sulaiman overlooking the Dal Lake in Srinagar, which was renamed the Shankaracharya temple and was dedicated to Jyesteswara or Shiva. [27]
• what is now known as Anantasayangudi cave temple in Undavali was a temple of Vishnukundin times and originally a Buddhist temple which was converted to a Vishnu temple.
• The ancient artefacts found during the land levelling work at RAM JANMABHOOMI in Ayodhya on Thursday proved that it was a Buddha Sthal (Buddhist pilgrimage site). [28]
• Many images of Buddha, Bodhisattvas and Buddhist Yogis can be seen chiseled in the pillars of KACHAPESHWARAR Temple in Kanchi.[29]
• Almost all the current Savarna Hindu temples in Kerala are modified Buddhist or Jain temples by coveted Brahmanism and its Padaja (Sudra or subservient Varna) forces.[30]
• A resident of Triloknath village said the origin of the temple remains a mystery. Many people say it was originally a Buddhist monastery or a vihara, while authors Hutchinson and Vogel suggest it was built as a Shiva temple but was turned into a Buddhist monastery in the 8th century by Padmasambhava, considered by Tibetans as the founder of the Nyingma school of Buddhism[31].
• In the courtyard, there are large Buddhist prayer wheels and a granite lingam and small Nandi (bull) representing Shiva, while the ancient wooden pagoda-style temple is decorated with Tibetan prayer flags. Both Hindus and Buddhists celebrate the three-day Pauri Festival here in August[32].• Existing Buddhist complexes were not destroyed but a few were converted into Hindu temples. The chaitya hall, the hall of worship, at Buddhist sites with its votive stupa at one end, could easily be converted into a Hindu temple.[33]
• The votive stupa in the Buddhist rock-cut monastery was reconstructed into a large lingam so that the Buddhist site could become a Shaiva temple.[34]
• इस काल की एक खास बात यह है कि जहां एक तरफ ब्राह्मणों ने लाखों बौद्ध भिक्षुओं का कत्लेआम कराया तथा बौद्ध मठों को ध्वस्त करने के बाद बचे-खुचे को मंदिरों में बदल दिया था, वहीं इस कुत्सित उद्देश्य के साथ बड़ी चालाकी से बुद्ध के प्रति तथाकथित 'आत्म सात्करण के सिद्धान्त को अपनाते हुए अग्निपुराण में उन्हें विष्णु का अवतार घोषित कर दिया था। साथ ही, बुद्ध की नैतिक शिक्षाओं को अपना बनाकर ब्राह्मणों ने लोगों के समक्ष पेश करना शुरू कर दिया।।[35]
• The destruction and appropriation of Buddhist sites continued in Madhya Pradesh even after Shunga rule ended, says Jha. At Ahmedpur, for instance, a Brahminical temple seems to have been constructed on a stupa base in the fifth century, and icons have been found at several sites around Vidisha, which were transformed into Shaivite or Jain places of worship around the eighth century.[36]
• Then, more than 50 kilometres north-east of Vidisha, a Buddhist establishment existed at KHAJURAHO before it emerged as a major temple town from the tenth century onwards, under the CHANDELLAS. Here, the GHANTAi temple appears to have been built on the remains of a Buddhist monument in the ninth or tenth century by the Jains, who also may have had a strong presence in the region.[37]
• Providing evidence from Mathura, which was a flourishing town in western Uttar Pradesh during the Kushana period, Jha says, Some present-day Brahminical temples, such as those of Bhuteshwar and Gokarneshwar, were Buddhist sites in the ancient period. Here, the KATRA MOUND, a Buddhist centre during Kushana times, became a Hindu religious site in the early medieval period.[38]
• Buddhist Architectural and sculptural reminiscences are numerous apart from the vital linguistic and cultural imprints like the abundance of Pali words in present south Indian regional languages. Many Buddhist viharas were transformed into Hindu temples. Kings of the Second Chera Empire in particular, took action to take over Buddhist and Jain temples and converting them into Hindu temples. Almost all the existing Savarna Hindu temples in Kerala are modified Buddhist or Jain temples.[39]
• The “KACHABESUVARAR” temple at Kanchi appears to be an original Buddhist temple. Buddha images can still be seen in the tower of this temple. In some areas the earlier Buddha images have been destroyed to make way for theria. Also there are Buddha images on the stone pillars of the inner hall of the temple. Another proof that this is a Buddha temple is that the lake on the western side of the temple is still given the name “Putheri” and its street “Putheriteru”. So the Kanchi Kachabesuvarar temple may have been originally a Buddha shrine, now converted into a Hindu temple.[40]
• It is believed that there should have been a Buddhist temple at the site of  EKAMPARANATHAR temple in Kanchi. The reason is that there are some Buddha images set up as sculptures on the outer wall of the Ekambaranatha temple. A stone statue of 'Buddha Parinirvana' has been placed on the eastern wall of the temple. When looking at this, the Buddhist shrine that was originally here must have been destroyed and a wall built with stones. That is why these Buddha sculptures can be seen on the walls of this temple[41]
.• Mrs. C. MEENAKSHI has mentioned that there were Buddhist vicars in places like Kamatshi Amman Temple, Kailasa Nath Temple, Varadarasapherumal Temple, Karukkalul Amman Temple and later they were destroyed[42]
• MANIMEGALA TEMPLE at Kanchi: There is a temple of “SREEDHARMA RAJA- DRAUPADI AMMAN” on the way to the train station, passing the Chief Hospital. A traditional belief prevails that it was formerly the “Manimegala temple”. Manimegalai, Buddhist Bhikkhuni sculptures in front of the present Dharmaraja - Draupadi Amman Temple were broken and three km. It is said that the distant Nattapet was put on the bank of the lake. Apart from the broken and defaced sculptures, the full-sized Manimegali and Buddhist bhikkhuni sculptures are placed in open air on the lake shore and are worshiped according to the Hindu tradition[43]
• Also, MAILAI SINI VENKATA SAMI and Dr. T. N. VASUDEVARA have mentioned that there were temples of Buddha (viharas) in places like Navalur, Mangadu, Pallavaram, Koovam etc. in Kanchi district and they were destroyed and later converted into VINAYAGAR TEMPLE AND DHARMARAJA TEMPLE[44]
• Kanji ARPAKKAM - Buddhist school: 3th km on Kanchipuram-Uttaramerur Road. Far away is a native village called “Arpakkam” between the Balaru and Seiyaru rivers. Now they say that the Adikesava Perumal Temple in this village must have been a Buddhist school in the ancient times[45]. Inside this temple, a Buddha statue can be seen standing at a place in the outer circle. Adjacent to the southern perimeter wall of the temple is the “Buddha Garden” (00 acres of land that still exists today) where a Buddha statue with a broken head is found. Next, a five feet high and three feet wide Buddha statue sitting on a lotus pedestal was kidnapped by mysterious assailants on 5..003. Even after 0 years of filing a police case, the Buddha statue could not be found. Tradition has it that Arpak was an influential Buddhist land in ancient times46
• According to Mrs. C. Meenakshi, the present day ADIKESAVA PERUMAL TEMPLE was built in the Buddhappalli garden where there are statues of Buddha. The Buddhist school has been destroyed[47]
• Buddhism was influential as the state religion during the early rule of the Kalapras, but after they converted to Jainism, Buddhism declined. As Saivism and Vaishnavism came to dominate Kanji, the home of Buddhists, Buddhism and its symbols gradually declined, decayed, and disappeared[48]
• The ascendency of Brahmanical Hinduism in the South, starting in the 7th century, Buddhists of Tamil Nadu and elsewhere in the South were subject to acute forms of persecution by Brahmin Hindus with help from the Pandyan Dravidian royal family. AALAVAIPATHIKAM records that around 640 CE., SAMBANDA MURTI, a Brahmin, with the help of the Pandyan Dravidian royal family, caused the massacre of 8,000 Buddhist monks in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Buddhist nuns were reportedly made into ‘devadasis’ or women “dedicated” to worship and service of a Hindu deity or a temple for the rest of her life. A steady decline of Buddhism began in the eighth century with the arrival of more Brahmin Hindu missionaries who forcibly converted Buddhist shrines to Hindu temples. Hindu monasteries were established, and Hindu priest-scholars were trained in Tamil Nadu and elsewhere in Southern India.[49]
• The following Hindu temples in the South were once Buddhist shrines: the VADAKKUNNATHAN Temple of Trichur, the KURUMBA BHAGAVATHI Temple of Cranganore, and the DURGA Temple at Paruvasseri near Trichur. A large number of Buddha-images have been discovered in the coastal districts of ALLEPPEY and QUILON, the most important Buddha-image being the famous KARUMATI KUTTAN near Ambalappuzha.[50]
• In conclusion, the information that Buddhism gained influence in Kanchipuram and its surrounding areas and continued till the 6th century AD can be known through literary evidence, archaeological evidence, epigraphic evidence, and historical evidence. Kanji has more than a hundred Buddhist sects. There are plenty of signs and statues of Buddha. Buddha temples in Kanchipuram have undergone many changes. Their addresses have also been destroyed[51]
• Around 50 km from the popular holiday destination Manali is the TRILOKINATH TEMPLE, the only place of worship where Buddhists and Hindus pray together to the same deity. This cave shrine in the village of Udaipur, in the Lahul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, is believed to have been constructed over ,000 years ago. The Buddhists worship the Trilokinath deity as Arya AVALOKITESHWAR, after the bodhisattva who embodies compassion[52]. The temple, surrounded
5by snow-capped peaks and pine trees, is a quiet and peaceful place. Nothing but the cave shrine remains of the original structure, around which the state government has constructed a white building[53]. The origins of the temple remain a mystery. Locals say it was originally a Buddhist monastery or a vihara, while Hutchinson and Vogel suggest it was built as a Shiva temple but was turned into a Buddhist monastery in the eighth century by Padmasambhava, considered by Tibetans as the founder of the Nyingma school of Buddhism[54]. 'Trilokinath' is one of the names of the Hindu god, Shiva, meaning the Leader of the Trinity. but local tradition clearly states that it was originally a Buddhist vihara or monastery, although nothing remains of the original building[55]
• Though Moghuls are accused of destroying Hindu temples, most of these temples were actually built on Buddhist shrine sites.[56]
• No doubt the rich lands and treasures of their defenseless monasteries and temples also gave material incentives to this religious fervor and many Buddhist and Jain stupas and monasteries were plundered, and Hindu temples established at their sites.[57]• there is evidence to show that the Bhuteshwar and Gokarneshwar temples at Mathura were built on Buddhist sites.[58]
• In the south of India while there was no over persecution of Buddhists at least two Pallava rulers Simhavarma and Trilochana are known to have destroyed Buddhist stupas and have had Hindu temples built over them. However, Bodhidharma, a patriarch of Zen Buddhism was a Brhamin prince from the Pallava dynasty.[59]
• According to locals, the temple had a marble statue of a six-headed Avalokiteshvara, which was stolen decades ago and replaced initially with a crude image made of grey stone, and later with the present six-armed white marble Avalokiteshvara, which is attributed by some to the th century. It is revered as Avalokiteshvara by Buddhists and as Shiva by Hindus and is crowned with an image of Amitabha Buddha — the Buddha of boundless light[60]
• Then, more than 50 kilometres north-east of Vidisha, a Buddhist establishment existed at Khajuraho before it emerged as a major temple town from the tenth century onwards, under the Chandellas. Here, the Ghantai temple appears to have been built on the remains of a Buddhist monument in the ninth or tenth century by the Jains, who also may have had a strong presence in the region.[61]
• Buddhist presence in Ayodhya has been noted since the very first Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) report in 86-63. In fact, Ayodhya is also known as Saket, which itself is considered to be a 6great centre of Buddhism. According to historians and scholars, Buddha resided in Saket/Ayodhya for a number of years[62]
• However, while the ASI reports confirm the Buddhist link to Ayodhya, whether or not Ayodhya is the same Buddhist Saket remains to be proven conclusively[63]
• Maurya, a postgraduate in ancient Indian history, says earlier, too, other Buddhist petitioners tried to intervene in the matter. “Before the Babri Masjid was demolished in 99, two other Buddhist applications had been filed but both were dismissed on the grounds that there was no merit in their contention that the Babri Masjid was raised either by force or demolition on any Buddhist religious structure, which belongs to any Buddhist Society.”[64]
• It was the 00 verdict of the Allahabad HC that has now become the basis of Maurya’s writ petition. “In the final judgment, the high court itself has found that Buddhist ruins existed at the disputed land, such as stupas, and pillars of the Buddhist era were used while constructing the mosque on the disputed land,” says Gautam.[65]
• Five archaeological surveys have been carried out in present-day Ayodhya. Alexander Cunningham, founder of the ASI, conducted the first one in 86–63. He failed to find any evidence of Hindu temples but did find remnants of Buddhist structures. Alois Anton Fuhrer surveyed the area in 889–9 and essentially reiterated the discoveries made by Cunningham.[66]
• The first excavation after Independence took place in 969–70 when AK Narayan of Banaras Hindu University dug at three places not in the immediate vicinity of the Babri Masjid. Narayan’s excavations convinced him of a “strong Buddhist presence in the area under study.” This also estimated habitation in Ayodhya in 5th century BC.[67]
• The next excavation concluded that the earliest known settlement at Ayodhya was in 7th century BC. The last and final ASI excavation was conducted in 00-03 on the order of the Allahabad High Court. This ASI report concluded that a massive structure existed at the disputed site before the construction of the Babri Masjid[68]
.• This report was hotly contested and was attacked for being biased towards establishing the Hindu antecedents of the disputed site. In 00, the HC verdict extensively cited the report’s findings while dividing the disputed site in three equal parts[69]
.• Maurya relies on the same verdict to argue that the massive structure beneath the Babri Masjid was in fact of Buddhist origin. Much like everything related to the Ayodhya dispute, politics has begun over Maurya’s petition, too. The Vishwa Hindu Parishad was quick to cast aspersions on the petition. Sharad Sharma, its spokesperson in Ayodhya, thinks Maurya’s petition is motivated and should not have been admitted by the Supreme Court. “This is a very serious matter. Already more than six decades have passed, and the admission of this petition will only cause further delay. Even if Buddha lived here, Ayodhya remains Ram’s town, it is only His birthplace,” says Sharma[70]
• Maurya dismisses these criticisms. “Buddhist representatives tried to intervene in the matter before but could not. Since the matter is sub-judice in the Supreme Court, there was no point in petitioning lower courts. Articles 5, 6, and 9, read with Article 3 give me the right to demand that Buddhist cultural sites be preserved and conserved. The VHP and Sunni Waqf Board don’t want the dispute resolved,” says Maurya[71]
• A large number of Buddhist viharas were usurped by the Brahmins and converted into Hindu temples where the Untouchables were given no entrance. The Buddhist places were projected as the Hindu temples by writing Puranas which were concocted myths or pseudo-history.[72]• Many Buddhist viharas were forcibly occupied and converted to Hindu temples, by Hindu Brahmins, in Tirupati, Ahoble, Undavalli, Ellora, Bengal, Puri, Badrinath, Mathura, Ayodhya, Sringeri, Bodhgaya, Sarnath, Delhi, Nalanda, Gudiallam, Nagarjuna Konda, Srisailam and Sabarimala in Kerala.[73]
• Sarnath, near Varanasi, where the Buddha delivered his first sermon, became the target of Brahminical assault. This was followed by the construction of Brahminical buildings, such as Court 36 and Structure 36, probably in the Gupta period, by reusing Mauryan materials.[74]
• At Kushinara, where the Buddha had entered into Mahaparinirvana, the cremation stupa had been converted into a Hindu temple, and on top of it stood the temple of Rambhar Bhavani when Cunningham discovered the site in 860-6. Among the shrines which still continue to be dedicated to Hindu gods, mention may be made of the Caityas of Chezrala and Ter in Andhra Pradesh which are now Shiva and Vishnu temples respectively. The temple of Madhava at Sal Kusa, opposite Gauhati in Asam, was once a sacred shrine of the Buddhists. … And the famous Jagannatha temple at Puri in Orissa was also originally a Buddhist shrine. Similarly, the Vishnupada temple at Gaya was also once a Buddhist shrine.” As Rajendralal Mitra notes in his famous work of 878 [quoted in Ahir, 59] the feet of Buddha at Gaya was rechristened the feet of Vishnu and held as the most sacred object of worship in the new Vishnupada temple.[75]• The SIDDHESHWAR SHIVA TEMPLE at West Bengal’s Bakurar Bahulraris is also built on a Votive Stupa. But this is the first discovery of a Buddhist temple being turned into a Hindu one in Bangladesh.[76]
• As per legends, Lord Ayyappa is said to be a Buddhist deity and Sabarimala Temple is believed to be a Buddhist complex several centuries ago.[77] The Mudra (symbolic gesture) attributed to Ayyappa is unique, where the index finger of the hand is kept joined with the thumb, leaving the other three fingers free. This symbolizes the steadfast aim of the devotee to achieve nirvana, by taking refuge in the three jewels (Triratnas), Buddha, Dharma and Sangha, the fundamental commitments of a Buddhist. (Buddha- the awakened one. Dharma- the truth and tenets expounded by him. Sangha- the community following these principles.)[78] There is no class discrimination in Sabarimala. Everybody is an Ayyappa (a representative of the deity) or a Malikapuram (mother godess). Even this concept has its roots in Buddhism and its principle of equality.[79] Sabarimala was actually a Buddhist shrine and Ayyappa was actually Buddha, rechristened during the revival of Hinduism and the subsequent exile of Buddhism.[80]
• The uniqueness of the temple is the relief of the Buddha inside a shrine now dedicated to Krishna. The idol of Krishna also looks like a Yogic Avalokitesvara in Padmasana. The shrine is in Gaja Prishta architectural style (resembling the butt of a standing elephant) that is associated with temples of Buddhist antiquity. It is facing east, and the northern door is marked for Sri Buddha, but remains closed.[81]
• Local people still believe that the temple was originally a Buddhist shrine. Peoples narrated his memories and local lore about the temple.[82]
• they made avalotikeshwar, padamapani, vajrapani as vishanu and stupa as shivlinga[83]
• Brahmå: A mysterious substance thickly padded in silk and replaced in the new image at the time of Navakalevara[84]
• Not just that. Other monks say that five Buddha idols were re-christened as the five Pandavas and the icon of Lord Buddha's mother, Mahamaya, converted into Draupadi[85]
• Remains of Buddhist sculptures are still being worshipped as Lord Siva in all the major temples within the radius of 0 km of Nidumolu village in Movva mandal of Krishna District.[86]
• After the death of Buddha his followers started setting up the images of the Buddha and building stupas. The Brahmins followed it. They, in their turn, built temples and installed in them images of Shiva, Vishnu and Ram and Krishna etc.[87]
• Some of the goddess sculptures in the Kamakshi temple have been identified as that of the Buddhist TARA DEVI, and it was in this temple that a Buddhist stupa belonging to the second century BCE was discovered.[88]
• An Ayaka Pillar worshipped as Lord Siva accompanied by two half-lotus medallions at Pedakallepalli is mute witness to how Hindu temples were built on the Buddhist sites.[89]
• various Aacharyas of Tantrik Buddhism flourished in the valley of Kashmir. Also florished Kshemendra who depicted Buddha as avatara of Vishnu[90]
• Bodhisattva as the lotus-bearer Padmapani was a favored form of Avalokiteshvara, the embodiment of Buddhist compassion. His identifiers are the lotus (padma) held in his left hand, and the small figure of the Buddha Amitabha atop his head[91]





• प्रख्यात स्वतंत्रता सेनानी तथा इतिहासकार विश्वभर नाथ पाण्डे ने लिखा है कि बौद्ध विरोधी राजा सुधन्वा की सेना के आगे-आगे शरकाचार्य चलते थे। स्मरण रहे कि उज्जैन के राजा सुधन्वा ने अनगिनत मठों को धवस्त कराया था। जिन चार पीठों की स्थापना शंकराचार्य ने की, वहां पुराने बौद्ध मठ हुआ करते थे. आचार्य शंकर का तथाकथित 'विश्व विजय अभियान कुछ और न होकर वास्तव में बौद्धों के ऊपर हिंसक विजय का अभियान था। शंकर ने इसे विश्व विजय इस लिए कहा था, क्योंकि उनके समय (आठवीं सदी) तक बौद्ध धर्मविश्व के दर्जनों देशों में फैल चुका था।[92]
• Sankaracharyas were prominent Hindu leaders who were heads of Hindu monasteries of the Vedanta tradition. They along with many Hindu rulers at the time, took pride in demolishing Buddhist images and monuments, with the objective of eradicating Buddhist culture.[93]
• In Kerala, Sankaracharya and his close associate KUMARILA BHATTA, an avowed enemy of Buddhism, organized a religious crusade against the Buddhists. We get a vivid description of the pleasure of Sankaracharya on seeing the people of non-Brahmanic faith being burnt to death from the book Sankara Digvijaya.[94]
• It is believed that Shankara introduced pilgrimages to those new Hindu holy places in the Himalayas for the first time to prevent their relapse into Buddhist or animist ways. As sufficient local Brahmins could not be found who were willing to preach in such remote places, he imported Nambudri Brahmin priests from Kerala who, to this day, officiate at Badrinath, and Kedarnath.[95]
• The brutal persecution of Buddhist monks/nuns and conversion of temples happened in eighth and ninth centuries under the leadership of Sankara the furious advocate of Brahmanical propaganda and violence.[96]
• Nepalese and Kumoani documents showing that Buddhism had been the prevailing religion of the Himalayas with Badrinath and Kedarnath as Buddhist temples until Shankaracharya (788 -80 AD) usurped them in the 8th century and the shrines at Badri and Kedar were then converted into shrines of Shiv and Vishnu.[97]
• Shankaracharya and their close associates organized a religious crusade against the Buddhists in Kerala which led Buddhists and people of non-Hindu faith to be burnt alive.[98]


• The most important of the murderous Hindu bigots who carried out their systematic campaign of violence against the peaceful followers of Lord Buddhawas Pushyamitra (84-48 B.C.), the founder of the Shunga dynasty.[99]
• Pushyamitra Shunga was the hereditary ruler of Vidisha. It was incorporated into the Maurya Empire until his led coup d’état. Several sources suggest that Pushyamitra was a Brahmin warrior and the 6th century Buddhist scholar Taranatha explicitly calls him a Brahmin king.[100]
• The first alleged persecution of Buddhists in India took place in the nd century BC by King Pushyamitra Shunga. A non-contemporary Buddhist text states that Pushyamitra cruelly persecuted Buddhists. nd century text, states that Pushyamitra burned Buddhist scriptures, killed Buddhist monks, and destroyed 500 monasteries in and around Kashmir. In this campaign, he was supported by yakshas, kumbhanda s, and other demons.[101]
• The Hindu ruler, Pushyamitra Sunga, demolished 84,000 Buddhist stupas which had been built by Ashoka the Great. It was followed by the smashing of the Buddhist centres in Magadha. Thousands of Buddhist monks were mercilessly killed.[102]
• Other early evidence of the persecution of Shramanas comes from the post-Mauryan period, recorded in the Divyavadana, a Buddhist Sanskrit, which describes the Brahmin ruler Pushyamitra Shunga as a great persecutor of Buddhists. He is said to have marched out with a large army, destroying stupas, burning monasteries and killing monks as far as Sakala, now known as Sialkot, where he announced a prize of one hundred dinars for every head of a Shramana.[103]
•इस बीच पुष्यमित्र तथा मिहिरकुल दो ऐसे शासक हुए, जिन्होंने बौद्ध धर्म को समूल नष्ट करने की कोशिश की। पुष्यमित्र ने अंतिम मोर्य बौद्ध सम्राट बृहद्रथ को ई. पू. १८७ में मार कर शुंगवंश की स्थापना की थी। पुष्यमित्र बृहद्रथ का सेनापति था। सोलवहीं सदी के महान तिब्बती बौद्ध भिक्षु तथा इतिहासकार तारानाथ के अनुसार पुष्यमित्र बौद्ध धर्म का घनघोर दुश्मन था तथा उसने मध्य प्रदेश से लेकर पंजाब के जालंधर तक सैकड़ों बौद्ध मठों को ध्वस्त करने के साथ-साथ अनेक विद्वान भिक्षुओं की हत्या कर दी थी। पुष्यमित्र ने पाटलीपुत्र के विख्यात मठ कुक्कुटराम को भी ध्वस्त करने की कोशिश की थी[104]
•पुष्यमित्र ने वैदिक कर्मकाण्डों तथा ब्राह्मणों के वर्चस्व को पुनर्जीवित करने का अथक प्रयास किया था। इसी तरह हूण शासक मिहिरकुल ने छठी ईसवी में कश्मीर से लेकर गान्धार तक बौद्ध मठों की भयंकर तोड़फोड़ की। प्रख्यात् चीनी बौद्ध यात्री, डावेन सांग के अनुसार मिहिरकुल ने १६०० मठों को ध्वस्त कर दिया था। वह भारत आकर शिवपूजक बन गया था।[105]
• पुष्पमित्र जो शुंग शासक और वैदिक धर्म का संस्थापक था, गद्दी पर बैठते ही उसने सभी बौद्ध मंदिरों को तोड़ने का आदेश दे दिया. उसने ये भी एलान कर दिया के जो भी एक बौद्ध भिक्षु का सिर काट कर लायेगा उसे एक सोने का सिक्का दिया जायेगा लाखों बौद्ध भिक्षुओं को मार दिया गया. पुष्यमित्र ने उस पेड़ को भी काट दिया जिसके नीचे महात्मा बुद्ध को ज्ञान प्राप्त हुआ था. बाँध भिक्षु अपनी जान बचा कर मुल्क से पलायन करने लगे और वे जापान, थाइलैंड, सिंगापुर की तरफ भागे इतिहासकारों का कहना है कि लगभग बौद्धों का खात्मा ही हो गया था..[106]
3• The celebrated Tibetan historian LAMA TARANATHA mentions the march of Pushyamitra from Madhyadesha to Jalandhara. In the course of his campaigns, the book states, Pushyamitra burned down numerous Buddhist monasteries and killed a number of learned monks The archaeological evidence for the ravages wrought by Pushyamitra and other Hindu fanatic rulers on famous Buddhist shrines is abundant.[107]
• Pushyamitra Shunga, who may have destroyed the Ashokan Pillared Hall and the Kukutarama monastery at Pataliputra—modern-day Patna.[108]
• The possibility of a Shunga assault on Buddhist monuments is supported by the layers of debris and the evidence of desertion found at many centres of Buddhism, notably in Madhya Pradesh. For example, Sanchi, which was an important Buddhist site since the time of Ashoka, has yielded evidence of the vandalisation of several edifices during the Shunga period. Similar evidence comes from nearby places such as Satdhara, in Katni district, and Deurkothar, in Rewa district.[109]
• Further, at Kaushambi, near Allahabad, the destruction and burning of the great Ghositaram monastery has been attributed to the Shungas -- more specifically to Pushyamitra, says Jha, adding, Sarnath, near Varanasi, where the Buddha delivered his first sermon, became the target of Brahminical assault. This was followed by the construction of Brahminical buildings, such as Court 36 and Structure 36, probably in the Gupta period, by reusing Mauryan materials.[110]


• Shashanka was the Shaivite Brahmin king of Bengal. He was manipulated by the Brahmins to become a ferocious oppressor of the Buddhists. He ordered the mass destruction of all Buddhist images and monasteries in his kingdom. Shashanka tried “to have the image (of Lord Buddha at Bodhgaya) removed and replaced by one of Shiva”[111].
• A Buddhist ruler of Kashmir, was killed by Brahmins in 722 AD. His successor TARAPIDA was killed two years later. The newly anointed Brahma-Kshastra (Rajput) rulers usurped power in the kingdoms of Sind and Kota. GRAHA VARMAN MAUKHARI, married to HARSHA’s sister, was treacherously killed by Sasanka, king of Gauda (Bengal). He proudly destroyed many stupas.[112]
• They also dispute the antecedents of a black stone near the donation box, which the Hindus believe is a UNGAM and Buddhists maintain is a PEDESTAL for a statue of Lord Buddha. This, says Gaya-based social activist P.K. SHANDILYA, was destroyed by Sashank rulers of Gaur Pradesh, the modern-day West Benga[113]
• However, a th century text states that Sasanka persecuted Buddhists with a vengeance and endeavoured to extirpate the Buddhists from his dominions. He allegedly destroyed innumerable Buddhist stupas and converted viharas to Hindu temples in places such as Nalanda, Bodhgaya, Sarnath and Mathura. It is also alleged that he cut the Bodhi tree where the Buddha found enlightenment, in the Mahabodhi Temple of Bodh Gaya. What we see today is not the original tree.[114]


• KALHANA, who wrote his famous history of Kashmir, the RAJATARANGINI , in the th century A.D., refers to earlier Shaiva kings ordering the destruction of Buddhist monasteries and the killing of monks in north-western India in the mid first millennium A.D.[117]
• The most popular evidence for Hindu persecutions of Buddhism is a passage in Kalhana's history of Kashmir, the Rajatarangini (Taranga 7: 089 ff.), where king HARSHA is accused of looting and desecrating temples[118]
• This was followed by the destruction of many Buddhist centres in Magadha which was a highly significant Buddhist centre in ancient times. Here, it is reported that thousands of Buddhist monks were mercilessly killed. A tradition recorded in a twelfth-century Kashmiri text, the Rajatarangini of Kalhana, mentions one of Ashoka’s sons, JALAUKA. Unlike his father, he was a Shaivite, and destroyed Buddhist monasteries. If this is given credence, the attacks on Shramanic religions seem to have begun either in the lifetime of Ashoka or soon after his death.[119]JALALUKA was another Hindu king who was instrumental in destroying Buddhist sites. Kinnara, the Hindu king of Kashmir demolished thousands of Buddhists viharas and caused untold suffering to many thousands of Buddhists in Kashmir which was a prominent Buddhist centre in ancient times.
• Another such Hindu king was, MIHIRAKULA, a Shaivite, who is said to have completely destroyed over 500 Buddhist shrines. The Shaivite TORAMANA is said to have destroyed the Ghositarama Buddhist monastery at Kausambi.[120]
• In the early ninth century, the Rashtrakuta king GOVINDA III invaded and occupied Kanchipuram, which so intimidated the king of Sri Lanka that he sent Govinda several (probably Buddhist) images that had represented the Sinhala state, and which the Rashtrakuta king then installed in a Saiva temple in his capital.[121]
• VIRA GOGGI DEVA, a South Indian king, described himself as… “a fire to the Jain scriptures, a hunter of wild beasts in the form of the followers of Jina (Jains) and an adept at the demolition of Buddhist canon”.[122]
• The huge Buddhist complex at Nagarjunakonda was destroyed. According to SHANKARA DIG VIJAYA, the newly anointed BRAHMA-KSHASTRA kings ordered every Kshatriya to kill every Buddhist young and old and to also kill those who would not kill the Buddhists.[123]
• When HUEN TSANG entered the valley in 63 A.D. during the reign of Baladitya, Buddhism was flourishing, though the King was against Buddhism. 3
• In the early ninth century the Pandyan king SRIMARA SRIVALLABHA also invaded Sri Lanka and took back to his capital a golden Buddha image that had been installed in the kingdom’s Jewel Palace.[124]
• In Kashmir, King KINNARA demolished thousands of Viharas and captured the Buddhists villages to please the Brahmins.[125]


• In the Buddhist literature, Lord Buddha is named as Natha, Jagannatha, Lokanatha, Jeena, Bhubaneswara, etc. and these are known from Tibetan sources. So the name of Jagannatha is of Buddhist origin[126]
• To any man who knows anything about Indian history, the temple of Jagannath is an old Buddhist temple. We took this and others over, and re-Hinduised them. We shall have to do many things like that yet[127]
• Here traces it to a similar festival of the Buddhist in which the three symbols of the Buddhist faith, Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha were drawn in a car in the same fashion, and I believe about the same season as the Rath. It is a fact greatly in support of the theory that the images of Jagannath, Balaram, and Subhadra which now figure in the Rath are near copies of the representations of Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha, and appear to have been modeled upon them.[128]
• There is hardly any doubt that the temples of Purneshvara, Kedareshvara, Kanteshvara, Someshvara and Angeshvara, all in Puri district, were either built on Buddhist viharas, or made of material derived from them.[129]
• Swami Vivekananda, regarded as an icon by Hindutva politicians, was also a great narrator of ancient India. He unambiguously declared that Jagannath Temple was originally a Buddhist Temple.[130]
• The Buddhist origin of Lord Jagannatha was first propounded by General A. Cunningham which was later on followed by a number of scholars like W.W. HUNTER, W.J. WILKINS, R.L. MITRA, H.K. MAHATAB, M. MANSINGH, N. K. SAHU etc scholars have made attempt to show the similarity of Jagannatha cult with Buddhism on the basis of literary and archaeological sources. They have put forth the following arguments to justify the Buddhist origin of Lord Jagannatha.[131]
• The Buddhist scholars claim the evolution of the triad of Jagannatha, Balabhadra and Subhadra has been derived from the ‘Troika’ or ‘Tri-ratna’ theory of the Buddhist philosophy; the Buddha, the Dha(r/m)ma and the Sangha[133]
• On the basis of the legend mentioned in the ‘DATHAVAMSA’ OF DHARMAKIRTTI OF SINGHALA, scholars say that mortal remains, possibly tooth, of Gautama Buddha is kept in the body of Jagannatha. This line of thinking emphasizes the legend of the ‘Brahma of Jagannatha’ that Hindus believe to be encased in the deity[134]
• The old Pali literature refers to Lord Jagannatha. Indrabhuti in his ‘Jnana Siddhi’ has referred to Buddha as Jagannatha[135]
• There is a legend centering round the incomplete figure of Buddha at Bodhagaya which has similarity with the incomplete image of Jagannatha[136]• At present an image of Buddha at Ellora is called Jagannatha which proves Jagannatha and Buddha are identical[137]
• William Bruton, the first English traveler to visit Puri and to see the Jagannatha temple, made certain counter-factual observation in 633 that the image of Jagannatha “is in shape like a serpent, with seven heads” and the holy pagoda is “the mirror of all wickedness and idolatry”[140]
• Thus, Jagannatha became known to Europeans as a pagan divinity of monstrous form. To the Europeans, the iconography of Jagannatha remained a mystery from the time of Bruton’s visit until the 9th century.[141]
• Bernier, who visited Puri in 667 and left the first reliable description of the Ratha Yatra but failed to give any account of the image. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier later on described in detail the priceless jewellery of Jagannatha, which however, he never saw[142]
• With the more enlightened views of the 9th century, the problem of the iconography of Jagannatha became a fascinating field for speculation. After the British occupation of Odisha in 803, the temple and its priests received special treatment from the East India Company, which decided to protect the institution for economic and political reasons. Europeans were still excluded from the great sanctuary and even General Alexander Cunningham, one of the doyens of Indian archaeology, had a rather vague knowledge of the appearance of the Puri images, chiefly based it seems on secondary sources. The restrictions imposed on non-Hindus did not prevent a number of scholars from observing the strange rites at Puri, which included the suspension of caste-rules during the Ratha Yatra, nor from drawing conclusions concerning the origins of the cult of Jagannatha[143]• As per noted Jagannatha cult researcher O.M. Starza, since the complex rites of the Brahmins had given Christian scholars a low opinion of Hinduism, they endeavoured (in their ignorance) (sic) to explain the enlightened features of the Jagannatha cult by suggesting that it originated in the noble religion of the Buddha. It was thought, for instance, that the temple of Puri occupied almost certainly the site of an earlier Buddhist shrine, without any real evidence to support this view; while General Alexander Cunningham’s suggestions that the figure of Jagannatha was derived from the Buddhist symbol of the Tri-Ratna or taurine was accepted even by such authorities as the Ananda Coomaraswamy[144]
• In the Bhilsa Topes, Alexander Cunningham has identified the Jagannatha triad as the Buddhist triad. He argues that the following two points are sufficient to conclude in favour of the Buddhist triad: “the suspension of caste during the festival and the belief that the image contains the relics or bones of Krishna”. In support of second point, he says that “(it) is also not at all Brahmanical, it is eminently characteristic of Buddhism.”[145]
• Cunningham asserts that the Brahma (the divine life material) of Jagannatha is nothing but a Buddhist relics[146]
• In fact, there is no historical evidence of worship of Jagannatha at Puri prior to the 0th century A.D. when King Jajati Keshari was the ruler[147]
• Pandit Neelakantha Das has mentioned that ‘the Savaras were worshipping the image of Jagannatha made of neem wood in a place called Sambal (Samal, now in Talcher of Angul District) in Uddiyan, the kingdom of Indrabhuti, which was even prior to the rule of Jajati Keshari-I.’[148]
• Indrabhuti has described Jagannatha as Buddhist deity in ‘Jnanasiddhi‘ that ‘Jagannatha was worshipped by the Savaras in one of the Baudha Viharas. During the rule of King Sasanka and feudatory chief Madhav Raj-II, many anti-Buddhist campaigns were undertaken. Therefore, the Buddhist Jagannath was shifted before the arrival of Hieun-Tsang and destruction of the Puspagiri Vihar. In this period, Indrabhuti emerged as a worshipper of Jagannatha in 77 A.D. There are various opinions about the place where the image of Jagannatha was lying buried. The Madala Panji (The temple Chronicles) identifies this place with the village Gopali of Sonepur district of Odisha. The Madala Panji records legend of king Jajati recovering the wooden images of Jagannatha from the Sonepur region where it lay buried for over 44 years. Thereafter, king Jajati reconstructed the wooden images from Sonepur forest tribes.’[149]
• Despite the above arguments of the scholars stressing upon the Buddhist origin of Jagannatha, it has not been historically ascertained whether the deity Jagannatha as worshipped by Indrabhuti was just a coincidental homonym with the present Jagannatha or referred to the same deity[150]
• It has been argued that subsequently there has been complete dissociation between Jagannatha and Buddha by the complete oblieration of Gautama Buddha from the Dashavatara pantheon and presenting Jagannath as the ninth Avatar in place of Gautama Buddha, or alternatively Balarama. The Dashavatara panel in the Nata Mandir of the Jagannath Temple at Puri bears testimony to this assertion[151]
• Suspecting that even the Jagannath temple at Puri, one of the most prominent Brahminical pilgrimage centres in eastern India, built in the twelfth century during the reign of the Eastern Ganga ruler Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva, is said to have been constructed on a Buddhist site something which may be contested, Jha says, There is hardly any doubt that the temples of Purneshvara, Kedareshvara, Kanteshvara, Someshvara and Angeshvara, all in Puri district, were either built on Buddhist viharas, or made of material derived from them.[152]
• Among the most prominent of the Buddhist temples taken over by Hindus, says Prof. Shamsul Islam, is the Jagannath Temple at Puri. He cites several Hindu icons to corroborate this. “Swami Vivekananda who is regarded as an icon of the Hindutva politics and resurgent Hindu India by RSS, who was also the greatest narrator of ancient India’s past, unambiguously, declared that Jagannath Temple was originally a Buddhist Temple,” he says. According to Vivekananda, “To any man who knows anything about Indian history…the temple of Jagannath [sic] is an old Buddhistic temple. We took this and others over and re-Hinduised them. We shall have to do many things like that yet.” [Swami Vivekananda, “The Sages of India” in The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, Vol. 3, Advaita Ashram, Calcutta, p. 64.][153]
• BALWANT SINGH CHARVAK, a noted Ambedkarite scholar from Uttar Pradesh, in a book which I recently came across appropriately titled Ayodhya Kiski?Na Ram Ki, Na Babar Ki ('Whose Ayodhya? Neither Ram's Nor Babar's'). Echoing several other Dalit ideologues who have made similar claims, Charvak argues that the disputed spot in Ayodhya belongs to neither Hindus nor Muslims but, rather, to an ignored third party -- Shudras and Buddhists. This spot, he claims, is where a grand Buddhist temple, dedicated to a Shudra rishi, Lomash (later identified, so he says, as a Boddhistattva or Gautama Buddha in one of his previous lives) once stood.[154]
• In his 30-odd page Hindi book, which is based on meticulous research, Charvak argues that there is no evidence of any Ram temple having stood on the site occupied by the erstwhile Babri Masjid. Indeed, he argues, the cult of Ram centred in Ayodhya is of relatively recent origin, and is certainly a post-Buddhist development.[155]
• He contends that the disputed spot in Ayodhya was actually a hallowed centre of worship of 'low' caste untouchables and Shudras even before Ram's birth, for it was there that a Shudra saint named Lomash was born and where had set up his hermitage. His son Shambhukh, also a saint, was, so he contends, also born in the same place. The father and son were both renowned for their piety, and were immensely popular saints among the Shudras, who were shunned and scorned by the 'upper caste' Hindus.[156]
• According to the Ramayana, Charvak writes, Shambhukh was killed by Ram for having violated the Brahminical code of caste conduct by engaging in tapasya or stern authorities in the hope of entering heaven, something that was forbidden to 'low' caste Shudras by the Brahmins and their religion. This indicates, Charvak adds, that Ram was an ardent defender of the inequitous caste system, which was premised on the degradation of the Shudras.[157]
• Because of its association with the Shudra hero-saints Lomash and Shambhukh, Charvak writes, the presently disputed spot was widely revered among the Shudras for centuries. Later, Gautam Buddha is said to have visited Ayodhya, and Charvak argues that it was near Lomash Rishi's chaitya or shrine, supposedly constructed on the disputed spot, that he announced, so Charvak claims (based on a reference to the widely-known Buddhist text The Questions of King Milinda) that he had been Lomash Rishi in one of his previous births.[158]
• In other words, Charvak argues, Lomash Rishi was actually a Boddhisattva.[159]
• The bigoted Brahmins of the area, fearful that the Buddha's charisma and teaching would attract people to him and that this would threaten their control and privileges, issued orders that no one was to give food or water to the Buddha and his bhikkhu followers accompanying him. Defying their diktat, a woman called Anitya, a Brahmin's servant, provided the Buddha with water, which so angered her Brahmin master that he beat her to death. This incident, so Charvak argues, took place at the presently-disputed spot, which added to its religious importance for the Shudras. Soon, the spot also became a hallowed one for Buddhists (many of whom were of Shudra origin) particularly because, or so Charvak says, the Buddha had visited the place.[160]
• When, in the early sixteenth century, Babar or his general Mir Baqi arrived in Ayodhya the ruins of this Buddhist temple, built on a spot that Charvak argues was for centuries holy for the Shudras and Buddhists, were lying scattered about, having, so Charvak says, long since been destroyed by Brahminical revivalists who were as opposed to the Buddhists as they were to the Shudras. Babar or Mir Baqi simply put together the scattered ruins to build what is now known as the Babri Masjid, Charvak writes.[161]
• In other words, he contends, the structure that originally stood on the disputed spot was not a Ram temple but, rather, a Buddhist vihar, and that it was destroyed not by Babar or any other Muslim but, rather, by anti-Buddhist Brahminical revivalists. Charvak backs his claim by asserting that relics unearthed during excavations around the disputed site show clear evidence of his claims and do not suggest any proof whatsoever of a Ram temple having stood on the spot.[162]
• Charvak is not the only person to have argued on these lines -- numerous noted Buddhist and Ambedkarite scholars and activists have made somewhat the same claim. That Ayodhya was once a thriving centre of Buddhism is well-known, as is the fact of Brahminical revivalists destroying vast numbers of Buddhist temples (as did many intolerant Muslim iconoclasts) or taking them over and Hinduising them across India.[163]
• Whatever the case may be, a vihar dedicated to the Buddha, the apostle of universal love, instead of a Brahminical Hindu temple or a Muslim mosque, being built on the disputed site, might actually be a mutually acceptable and eminently sensible settlement for many Hindus and Muslims themselves, who are fed up of the hate-driven politics of mandir and masjid being played in their name.[164]


• Buddhism spread everywhere during the lifetime of the Maurya Emperor ASHOKA, and that was one of the reasons that generated great hostility from the Brahmanical forces towards him, which was reflected in the widespread persecution of Buddhists and the destruction and desecration of Buddhism. of their temples and monasteries in the centuries after the Mauryan era.[165]
• Many local rulers, probably at the urging of their Brahmin ministers and priests, now began to ruthlessly exterminate the previously dominant Buddhist and Jain faiths. Although the class of 3Kshatriyas had completely vanished from history during the thousand years of mainly Buddhist rule they were reinvented at this time to serve Brahmin interests.[166]
• धर्मकीर्ति को तत्कालीन नालन्दा बौद्ध विश्वविद्यालय के कुलपति तथा उद्भट विद्वान भिक्षु धर्मपाल ने भिक्षु बनाया था। धर्मकीर्ति ने न्याय बिन्दु लिखकर न्याय दर्शन को सर्वाधिक संपन्न बताया तथा उन्होंने अपने समय के तमाम ब्राह्मणों को शार्थ के लिए ललकारा था और जिसने भी उनके साथ शार्थ किया, हार गया। इन हारे हुए वैदिक विद्वानों में कुमारिल भट्ट भी शामिल थे, जो शर्त के अनुसार नालंदा में बौद्ध भिक्षु बन कर धर्मपाल के शिष्य बन गये थे। किन्तु बाद में कुमारिल भट्ट की विजय को वैदिक कर्मकांडों की विजय समझा गया। अतः उन्होंने बौद्ध धर्म को नष्ट करने का हिंसक अभियान चलाया। कुमारिल भट्ट ने बौद्ध धर्म को फटा दूध कहकर उस पर यह आरोप लगाया कि उसके चक्कर में आकर विभिन्न राजाओं ने वैदिक कर्मकांडों को नष्ट कर दिया था। हकीकत यह है कि बौद्ध धर्म ने हिंसा के बल पर कभी कोई परिवर्तन नहीं किया, बल्कि तर्कसंगत मस्तिष्क परिवर्तन के मध्यम से वैदिक कुरीतियों को बदला था, जबकि कुमारिल भट्ट ने स्वयं विभिन्न राजाओं को उकसा कर बौद्ध धर्म को समूल नष्ट करने का अभियान चलाया था, जिसमें आदि शंकराचार्य भी शामिल हो गये थे ।[167]
• कुमारिल की इस विजय ने समस्त भारत के लोगों में वैदिक धर्म के नवजागरण की सृष्टि की। उस समय के मगध राज आदित्य सेन ने उस विजय को गौरवान्वित करने के लिए विशेष ठाट-बाट से कुमारिल भट्ट को प्रधान पुरोहित रख कर एक विराट अश्वमेघ यज्ञ का अनुष्ठान किया। गौड़ देश (बंगाल) के हिन्दू राजा शशांक नरेन्द्रवर्धन वैदिक धर्म के अनुरागी थे। उन्होंने मौका पाकर हिन्दू धर्म के विजय अभियान के यज्ञ में बौध गया के जिस बोधि वृक्ष के नीचे बैठकर तथागत ने सिद्धि प्राप्त की थी, उस बोधिद्रुम को काट डाला और बौद्ध मंदिर पर अधिकार स्थापित कर बुद्धदेव की मूर्ति को दिवाल उठा कर बंद कर दिया। केवल इतना ही नहीं, उन्होंने तीन बार उस वृक्ष के मूल को खोद कर उसे समूल नष्ट कर दिया।।[168]
• Buddhism and Jainism were regarded by the Brahminical leaders of Hinduism as heresy and denounced as the religious ideologies of the outcasts, worthy of little more than destruction.[169]• A limited survey of the desecration, destruction and appropriation of Buddhist stupas, monasteries and other structures by Brahminical forces, Jha says, Evidence for such destruction dates as far back as the end of the reign of Ashoka, who is credited with making Buddhism a world religion.[170]
• at one the Buddha Viharas in Mumbai, some so-called upper castes had installed the idol of Ganesha replacing the head of Buddha with Ganesha.[171]
• yes, Hindu Brahmins convert the Buddhist stupas, shrines and caves into Hindu temples and shrines like Balaji Temple and Sabarimala Temple[172]
.• Jha notes, In fact, the general scenario of Buddhist establishments in what is today Uttar Pradesh was so bad that in Sultanpur district alone no less than 49 Buddhist sites seem to have been destroyed by fire when, as described in a paper by the archaeologist Alois Anton Führer, 'Brahminism won its final victories over Buddhism'.”[173]
• It can also be noted that the name of Kerala is the Sanskritised Aryan version of the Dravidian and Buddhist term CHERALA. The PARASURAMA legend regarding the origin of Kerala says that the land of Kerala was raised from the sea by Parasurama by throwing an axe from Gokarna to Kanyakumari. This is a cock and bull story created by the Brahmins to hide all crimes against the Buddhists.[174]
• While replacing old Buddhist shrines with new Hindu temples, the Brahmins, respecting sentiments of the neo-converts, relocated the older gods nearby, but away from the sanctum and outside the Pradikshina-patham or circumambulatory pathway.[175]
• Noted sociologist GAIL OMVEDT writes in her book Buddhism in India, “In the end, we have the rather strange situation where a religion claiming the kind of ‘tolerance’ which Hinduism does did not allow scope for Buddhism. There seem to have been inherent contradictions between Buddhist and Brahmanic teachings, such that one had to drive out the other.”[176]


• भारत में इस्लाम पहुंच चुका था तथा स्थापित हो चुकी थी। मध्य एशिया से आने वाले मुस्लिम हमलावरों ने बौद्ध स्थलियों को तोड़ने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका अदा की. जिसके पीछे स्वार्थी ब्रह्मनी की भूमिका पथप्रदर्शक की थ़ी।[177]
•खिलजी ने भले ही देश के अन्य स्थानों पर उत्पात मचाया हो, परंतु नालंदा को ब्राह्मणवादियों ने नष्ट कियाथा। वे बौद्ध धर्म के बढ़ते प्रभाव से नाराज थे। विभिन्न स्रोतों के हवाले से प्रोफेसर झा लिखते हैं, 'बाँध और ब्राह्मण भिक्षुओं के बीच कई मौकों पर हाथापाई हुई। ब्राह्मण इससे इतने नाराज हो गए कि उन्होंने 12 वर्ष तक भगवान सूर्य को समर्पित यज्ञ किया और फिर यज्ञ कुंड के जलते हुए अंगारों को बौद्ध मंदिरों में फेंका। [178]• जिन बौद्ध इमारतों पर हमले हुए उनमें नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय शामिल था, जहां के अत्यंत समृद्ध और विशाल पुस्तकालय, जिसे रत्नबोधि कहा जाता था, को जलाकर राख कर दिया गया।' इस प्राचीन अध्ययन केंद्र को नष्ट करने के लिए खिलजी को जिम्मेदार ठहराने का उद्देश्य, दरअसल, बौद्ध धर्म और ब्राह्मणवाद के बीच संघर्ष, जो प्राचीन भारतीय इतिहास की धुरी था, से लोगों का ध्यान हटाना है।।[179]
• The popular view, however, wrongly attributes this conflagration to the Mamluk commander Bakhtiyar Khilji, who never went there, but, in fact, sacked the nearby Odantapuri Mahavihara at modern-day Bihar Sharif.[180]
• The ruthless demolition of Buddha statues by the Taliban leaders in Afghanistan has invited severe criticisms from different quarters of the world. It is quite surprising to note that the Hindu Nazi-led Indian Govt. supported by all other Hindu Nazis has condemned the Taliban action. It appears paradoxical that the ancestors of the present Hindu Nazis in India wantonly destroyed the Buddhist statues and brutally killed the followers of Buddha in India. An impartial student of history can unequivocally remark that the Indian Nazis have no moral right to criticise the Taliban action.[181]
• The dominant trend in the pre-Islamic period was of Hindu kings looting temples and whisking away images, but there are also instances of demolition of temples and idols.[182]• Whenever the history of the many thousands of temple destructions by Muslims is discussed, the secularists invariably come up with the claim that Hindus have done much the same thing to Buddhists, Jains, and animists.[183]
• If we have always heard of Muslim rulers/plunderers like Kala Pahar, Mohammad Ghori and Aurangzeb who have destroyed Hindu temples and built mosques on them, there were many Hindu rulers too who ruthlessly demolished Buddhist viharas, stupas, temples and murdered followers of Buddhism and Jainism.[184]
• Brahmanical hostility against the Buddhists persisted even in the period of Muslim rule. Thus, we learn that Udayagiri, the Brahmin Prime minister of Sultan Shahabuddin suggested to the king that to overcome his fiscal crisis he should loot the Buddhist temples and melt their idols to make coins.[185]
• SHAHABUDDIN (355-374), who came on throne showed respect to Buddhism by declining to accept the advice of his Brahim minister Udayshree to melt the golden images of Buddha to strike coins.[186]


• ‘ • वर्ण व्यवस्था आर्यों द्वारा मानव जाति को दिया गया एक अमूल्य उपहार है। यदि सही मायनों में देखा जाए तो इसी ऊंची-नीच पर आधारित वर्ण व्यवस्था के विरोध में तथागत बुद्ध का दर्शन विकसित हुआ। यही कारण था कि आर्य संस्कृति की रक्षा करने का नारा देने वाले तत्वों ने हर सदी में बौद्ध धर्म को नष्ट करने का षड्यंत्र जारी रखा। इसी षड्यंत्र के तहत आज का संघ परिवार स्कूली पाठ्यक्रमों में आर्य संस्कृति का गुणगान करते हुए एक तरफ वर्ण व्यवस्था को न्यायोचित ठहरा रहा है, तो दूसरी ओर बौद्ध धर्म को रोकने का प्रयास कर रहा है। [187]
•हकीकत यह है कि आर्य संस्कृति के पालकों ने भारत में बौद्ध धर्म की हत्या कर दी। आज बौद्ध धर्म केबढ़ते प्रभाव से पीड़ित होकर आर्य-पूजक लोग उसे हिन्दू धर्म का अभिन्न अंग सिद्ध करने का विश्वव्यापी अभियान चला रहे हैं। यहां प्रश्न यह उठता है कि यदि हिन्दू धर्म तथा बौद्ध धर्म एक हैं, तो फिर विश्व भरके लोगों ने बौद्ध धर्म के बदले हिन्दू धर्म को क्यों नहीं अपनाया? जाहिर है, वर्ण व्यवस्था तथा ऊंच-नीच के कारण हिन्दू धर्म कहीं और नहीं फैला। विदेशों में यह सिर्फ प्रवासी भारतीयों तक सीमित है [188]

• The Hun ruler was converted by Brahmins (in 55 AD) and unleashed a wave of violent destruction on Buddhist monasteries in Punjab and Kashmir.
• The sixth-century Huna ruler MIHIRAKULA, a devotee of Shiva, destroyed ,600 Buddhist stupas and monasteries and killed thousands of Buddhist monks and laity. He further tells us that ,000 sangharamas in Gandhara were 'deserted'/and in 'ruins,' and describes ,400 sangharamas in Uddiyana as 'generally waste and desolate'.[189]• There is also mention of the Huna onslaught on Taxila (in Pakistan), the persecution of Buddhist monks by Mihirkula.[190]

• “They (Hindus) performed a Yajna, a fire sacrifice, and threw living embers and ashes from the sacrifice into the Buddhist temples. This produced a great conflagration which consumed Ratnabodhi, the nine-storeyed library of the Nalanda University”. [Prakash, 3]. Numerous destroyed Buddhist shrines were converted into Hindu temples after their destruction.[191]• The second attack in Nalanda happened during the early 7th century. This attack was done by the emperor of Bengal, Goudas Rajvansh. The main reason behind this attack was the political imbalance. At that time, the emperor of Kannuj, Harshavardhana was ruling. Many historians said that there was a conflict between Harshavardhana & Goudas Rajvansh. For taking revenge, Goudas Rajvansh attacked Nalanda University. However, the destruction was not fatal enough. Harshavardhana re-established the university and again Nalanda started sharing knowledge throughout the world.[192]
• Even after the Islamic invasions of India, Hindu bigotry and hatred for Buddhists was not subdued. According to Sharmasvamin, a Tibetan pilgrim who visited Bihar three decades after the invasion of Bakhtiaruddin Khilji in the th century, the biggest library at Nalanda was destroyed by Hindu mendicants who took advantage of the chaos produced by the invasion.[193]


• At the spot where Gautam Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment ,500 years ago, the Bodh Gaya Temple Act of 949 gives Buddhists equal representation on the temple management committee[194]
• And while the VHP campaign to liberate the Ram Janmabhoomi shrine has sparked confidence among many Buddhists, the powerful Bodh Gaya mahant's unchallenged sway over the temple has fuelled their desire to reclaim their right - before the 949 Act, Buddhists were not even allowed to enter the shrine as Lord Buddha was treated as the tenth avatar of Lord Vishnu[195]
• Although the MAHABODHI TEMPLE was controlled by the Hindu mahant, Buddhist and Hindu pilgrims prayed there until late 9th century without much conflict. The first signs of tensions emerged when Dharmapala, who believed that Buddhism was a distinct religion from Hinduism, noticed Hindu rituals being performed on the main Buddha statue at the temple.[196]
• In January 895, Dharmapala took his mother and 44 other Sinhalese Buddhist pilgrims to Bodh Gaya. What he saw displeased him:
➢ “When I visited the Temple in January last, I observed that the image [the Buddha statue] had undergone alteration – in particular, that paint of red colour had put on the forehead and the whole body covered with cloth so as to conceal its Buddha appearance, and flowers placed on its head. When I saw the image four years ago, it had no paint on its forehead, no flowers on the head and it had only on a cloth occasionally and that of plain yellow colour, such as Buddhist Bhikshus (monks) wear. The cloth I have now seen on is not a mere cloth, but a regular dress for the image and of orange colour – a little lighter than the colour which the Sanyasis accused wear (points to a bright orange colour a spectator is wearing on his puggree). All these changes are certainly such as defile the image of the Buddha.” [197]
• Dharmapala made the above statement to the Gaya Magistrate in 895 in a case he filed against a group of Saivites for disrupting his prayers. He alleged that the Saivites, supported by the deputy magistrate and sub-registrar of Gaya, prevented him from installing a 700-year-old Japanese Buddha statue in the temple in February of that year. As a remedy, he requested the magistrate to hand over the temple’s control to Buddhists.[198]
• Both the plaintiff and the defendants were represented by English lawyers, and it was in this case that the subject of the rightful ownership of a temple was first discussed in a court of law. The proceedings of the case were transcribed and compiled by Dharmapala in a book titled The BudhGaya Temple Case: H. Dharmapala Versus Jaipal Gir and Others, (Prosecution Under Sections 95, 96, 97, 43 & 506 of the Indian Penal Code).[199]
• After many depositions, the English magistrate partly ruled in favour of the Sinhalese missionary and convicted three of the defendants for disturbing the worship of Dharmapala and other Ceylonese Buddhists. The trio was handed a fine and a prison sentence of one month.[200]• “The case is one of importance, as the disturbance in sought to be justified by the defendants on the ground that their superior, the Mahant of Bodh-Gaya, claims the right, though a Hindu, of regulating what worship shall be performed in this famous shrine, known as the Great Temple of Mahabodhi, and regarded by the Buddhists, that is, by about one-third of the human race, as the most sacred spot on earth,” the magistrate said.[201]
• However, the magistrate did not agree to hand over the control of the temple to Buddhists.[202]
• The verdict was challenged before a sessions judge, who suspended the prison sentences but kept the fines. Not content, the three Hindus approached the Calcutta High Court, which struck down the convictions and virtually maintained status quo on the control of the temple.[203]
• In the ruling, one of the High Court judges who heard the case, Justice Macpherson, said, “The Government has had no occasion to interfere in the internal management, even if it could do so, and that is not a question which need be considered in this case. If the control and superintendence of the temple is not vested in the Mahant, it does not appear to be vested in any one.”[204]
• The other judge on the High Court bench, Justice Banerjee, agreed: “I deem it right here to observe that the question what the exact nature and extent of the Mahant’s control over the temple is, the evidence adduced in the case does not enable us to determine.”[205]
• Dharmapala continued to unsuccessfully fight legal cases until 906. Although the issue of ownership rights of the temple stayed close to his heart, he did not approach the courts again. “During the remaining 7 years of his life, he ceaselessly agitated for his cause, having the issue brought before the Indian National Congress on three occasions petitioning the government and mobilising public opinion,” Australian-born Buddhist monk Shravasti Dhammika wrote in his book Middle Land, Middle Way: A Pilgrim’s Guide to the Buddha’s India. “In India public opinion gradually moved in favour of Buddhist control and eminent intellectuals and scholars began to speak out on this issue.”[206]
• With the MADRAS HIGH COURT directing TAMIL NADU ARCHEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT officials to restore the THALAIVETTI MUNIAPPAN sculpture in Salem to its original state of Buddha idol, believers of Buddhism think it is the first success in restoring the identity of the religion in the State.[207]
• “There are at least 00 such identities in Salem district alone. If the government’s Archeological Department conducts an inspection, a lot of such sites could be identified. Once the Thalaivetti Muniappan sculpture is restored to the (original) Buddha idol, we will discuss with fellow Buddhism followers and take the next steps to restore the rest of the identities in the district,” said C Murugan, president of the Ambedkarite Party of India from Salem.[208]
• On July 9, the Madras High court directed the TN Archaeological Department to take control of the Thalaivetti Muniappan Temple after an inspection report revealed that the sculpture depicts several mahalakshanas (key features) of the Buddha. The court passed the order on a writ petition filed by P RANGANATHAN from Salem in 0.[209]
• Ranganathan, a Buddhist, died a year ago. His friend MURUGAN shared that Ranganathan was keen on pursuing the case to restore the identity, even if it took several years.[210]
• “The efforts of Ranganathan were commendable. He collected every piece of document that would point out that the Thalaivetti Muniappan idol was originally a Buddha sculpture. He had the documents of other places with Buddhist identities, but later appropriated by different people,” Murugan said.[211]
• “But, before proceeding to other places of Buddhism identity, the first step would be to successfully implement the Madras High Court order,” he added.[212]
• Even though the Madras High Court has ordered the restoration of the idol to its original Buddha form, believers of Buddhism foresee challenges in converting the place from a temple to a Buddha statue[213]
• The High Court published the order on July 9 and only a couple of days ago, the news came out. This being the case, government officials in Salem claim ignorance over the order. We understand the sentiments of people, but, for Buddhism followers like me, we need our place to worship and chant the texts of Buddha,” said Seevagan, an engineer who embraced Buddhism around four years ago.[214]
• Historian RAJAVELU felt that it may not be an easy task to restore the Buddha statues in the state. “Restoring the Thalaivetti Muniappan idol to a Buddha sculpture may be a little easy because of the court’s order. But, for people to restore other such places, it may not be easy,” he said. The locals are likely to object due to their faith in the Hindu temple built over the Buddhist sculpture, he added.[215]
• A senior official at the HINDU RELIGIOUS AND CHARITABLE ENDOWMENTS (HR&CE) department in Salem, who did not want to be named, said he and colleagues are waiting for the government’s call on the Madras High Court’s order. “Since the idol has been worshiped by people over there for so many years, it’s difficult to suddenly stop them from worshiping. So, we are waiting for the government decision on the Madras High Court order,” the official said.[216]
• Numerous destroyed Buddhist shrines were converted into Hindu temples after their destruction. Ahir [58] notes that “The Seat of Buddha’s Enlightenment was in the possession of a Hindu Mahant till 95. Huen Tsang, tells us that in the seventh century A.D. not only was the Bodhi Tree at Gaya cut down by the Shaivite Shashanka, but that that worthy tried to install an image of Shiva in place of that of the Tathagata. One easy conclusion: there was not at that time an idol of Shiva at the spot; now, there is a shivalingam in the temple. The Indian Supreme court has not given its verdict in the case after 50 years.[217]



• Excavations conducted by the Department of Archeology of the University of Madras in 969-70 in the Vasant Garden near Kamachi Amman Temple in Kanchi uncovered a ruined building believed to be a Buddhist Vihara (Vikaram - Tamil). Burnt bricks and the base of a small circular stupa were found in this structure. The Buddhist stupa-style building consisted of four rows of bricks. The tomb is estimated to date back to the 3rd century BC. In the soil layer below this, a gray clay tile was found with an inscription in the Palanthamil script (Tamil Brahmi) of “Phudaladisha”. Prof. D.V. said that 'Buddhatisa' may be the name of a Buddhist monk. Mahalingam says. This inscription is believed to belong to the 3rd century BC. Kanji has Buddhist temples. It turns out that they were later destroyed[218]
• Buddhist monasteries and Viharas had been converted into Hindu temples hundreds of years ago, and an archaeological team in Bangladesh believes these temples they recently unearthed will serve as witnesses to this significant transformation in the region’s religious and political history.[219]

S. NO	TITTLE	DATE	AUTHOR	PUBLICATION	LINK
1	HINDUISM AND TALIBANISM	3, aug, 2012	MUKUNDAN C. MENON	PAKISTAN DEFENCE	Pakistan defence
2	HARSHA OF KASHMIR, A HINDU ICONOCLAST?	14, aug, 2012	KOENRAAD ELST	PAKISTAN DEFENCE	Pakistan defence
3	WHY BUDDHISM PROSPERED IN ASIA BUT DIED IN INDIA	14, aug, 2012	SHENALI WADUGE	PAKISTAN DEFENCE	Pakistan defence
4	SANCTIFIED VANDALISM AS A POLITICAL TOOL	N/A	YOGINDER SIKAND	THE MILLI GAZETTE	milligazette
5	SHASHANKA: THE LORD OF GAUDA KINGDOM!	20, January,0 2017	N/A	MINTAGE WORLD	This Day That Year!Walt Disney’s Birth Anniversary
6	THIRD PARTY IN AYODHYA DISPUTE	07 July, 2011	YOGINDER SIKAND	NEW AGE ISLAM	Third Party in Ayodhya DisputeBy Yoginder Sikand
7	THE ANCIENT INDIAN UNIVERSITY WHICH IS TAKING STUDENTS AGAIN AFTER 800 YEARS!	2 September, 2014	SHREYA PAREEK	THE BETTER INDIA	English Radio Lessons – What an Idea!By Dhimant Parekh
8	WILL MODI GOVT HAND OVER PURI TEMPLE TO BUDDHISTS?	14 August, 2020	SHAMSUL ISLAM	THE SIASAT DAILY	Will Modi govt hand over Puri temple to Buddhists?
9	HOW ABOUT A BUDDHIST VIHAR IN AYODHYA?Johnson	08 July, 2011	YOGINDER SIKAND	REDIFF	Sorry!The requested page could not be found
10	THE BUDDHIST CONNECTION: SABARIMALA AND THE TIBETANS	31 December, 1997	RAJEEV SRINIVASAN	REDIFF6	rediff
11	WHY SABARIMALA TEMPLE COULD ACTUALLY BE A BUDDHIST MONASTERY.	2020	N/A	REDDIT	Why Sabarimala Temple could actually be a Buddhist Monastery..
12	HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF NALANDA UNIVERSITY	23 Aug, 2022	ARUNAG GHOSAL	GEEKS FOR GEEKS	Historical Importance of Nalanda University
13	HINDU VIOLENCE AGAINST BUDDHISTS AND WANTON DESTRUCTION OF BUDDHIST SITES IN INDIA	1 December, 2017	DR. DAYA HEWAPATHIRANE	LANKAWEB	HINDU VIOLENCE AGAINST BUDDHISTS AND WANTON DESTRUCTION OF BUDDHIST SITES IN INDIA
14	WILL THE BUDDHISTS SEEK TO RECOVER THE DESTROYED MONUMENTS TO BUILD HINDU TEMPLES?	09 July, 2022	N/A	ABBO NEWS	Will the Buddhists seek to recover the destroyed monuments to build Hindu temples?ABBO News
15	JAGANNATHA: THE SUPREME GOD —– BUDDHIST CONNECTIONS OR ORIGIN	6 September, 2019	SRINIBASH SAMAL	THE SRINI BASH	Jagannatha: The Supreme God —– Buddhist Connections or Origin.
16	WHO DESTROYED BUDDHIST TEMPLES IN INDIA?	17 MARCH, 2021	EMMA JONSON	SHORT IN FORMER	Who destroyed Buddhist temples in India?
17	WHY DID THE BRAHMINS BECOME VEGETARIAN? B.R. AMBEDKAR ASKS IN THIS EXCERPT FROM ‘BEEF, BRAHMINS AND BROKEN MEN'	08 DECEMBER, 2019	THE HINDU	THE HINDU	The page you were looking for doesn't exist.404 Page not found
18	BUDDHA AT THE CROSSROADS	09 June, 2012	A. SRIVATHSAN	THE HINDU	9 arrested in Bangalore serial blasts case
19	BUDDHIST MONKS PROTEST IN AYODHYA, DEMAND UNESCO EXCAVATE RAM JANMABHOOMI SITE	15 July, 2020	N/A	THE HINDU	Nisha holds top seed
20	KANCHEEPURAM MAY SOON HAVE A BUDDHIST TEMPLE	17 August, 2016	N/A	THE HINDU	Sweet success
21	TEMPLES, MOSQUES, STUPAS: IS THE QUESTION OF WHICH CAME FIRST A LICENCE TO ENTITLEMENT?	28 July, 2022	GAUTAM BHATIA	THE HINDU	The page you were looking for doesn't exist.404 Page not found
22	BUDDHA CARVINGS NOTICED AT TEMPLE COMPLEX IN TELANGANA’S ALAMPUR	16 May, 2022	N/A	THE HINDU	Stalin, Vaiko meet after eight years
23	BUDDHIST REMAINS WORSHIPPED IN SIVA TEMPLES IN KRISHNA DISTRICT	16 NOVEMBER, 2021	T. APPALA NAIDU	THE HINDU	Buddhist remains worshipped in Siva temples in Krishna district
24	‘RAM TEMPLE SITE IN AYODHYA A BUDDHIST STHAL’	22 May, 2022	KENNETH JOHN	THE HINDUSTAN TIMES	The page you are looking for does not exist
25	BUDDHISTS CHALLENGE HINDU CONTROL OVER CENTURIES-OLD MAHABODHI TEMPLE AT BODH GAYA	5 January, 2013	FARZAND AHMED	INDIA TODAY	Buddhists challenge Hindu control over centuries-old Mahabodhi temple at Bodh Gaya
26	BUDDHA STATUES AWAIT RENOVATION	08 August, 2012	SAJIMON P S	TIMES OF INDIA	PAGE NOT FOUND
27	SITE OF ASHOKA’S STUPA IN KANCHI STILL A MYSTERY, SAYS EXPERT	17 December, 2017	MT SAJU	THE TIMES OF INDIA	PAGE NOT FOUND
28	HOW DID HINDUISM COME TO DOMINATE INDIA?	28 July, 2022	DEVDUTT PATTANAIK	THE TIMES OF INDIA	PAGE NOT FOUND
29	TO FIND THE REAL TRUTHS OF BHARAT, LET US ALL DIG IN EARNEST	25 MAY, 2022	BADRI RAINA	THE WIRE	To Find the Real Truths of Bharat, Let Us All Dig in Earnest
30	APPROPRIATION OF AYYAPPA CULT: THE HISTORY AND HINDUISATION OF SABARIMALA TEMPLE	12 October, 2018	JITHEESH P.M.	THE WIRE	Appropriation of Ayyappa Cult: The History and Hinduisation of Sabarimala Temple
31	WAR TROPHIES: WHEN HINDU KINGS RAIDED TEMPLES AND ABDUCTED IDOLS	07 Nov, 2015	AJAZ ASHRAF	SCROLL	War trophies: When Hindu kings raided temples and abducted idols
32	A SINHALESE MISSIONARY’S QUEST TO RECLAIM THE MAHABODHI TEMPLE IN BODH GAYA FOR BUDDHISTS	09 July, 2022	AJAY KAMALAKARAN	THE SCROLL	scroll.in
33	WHY DID SUMATRAN KINGS ONCE BUILD A BUDDHIST MONASTERY IN TAMIL NADU?	03 August, 2022	AJAY KAMALAKARAN	THE SCROLL	Engage in debate, not vandalism, says Arun Jaitley
34	OPINION: WHY IT’S ESSENTIAL FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS TO LEARN ABOUT RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE IN ANCIENT INDIA	01 May, 2018	AJAZ ASHRAF	THE SCROLL	Opinion: Why it’s essential for school students to learn about religious violence in ancient India
35	A TEMPLE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH STANDS AS A BEACON OF HOPE FOR RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE	26 August, 2018	AVANTIKA MEHTA	SCROLL	scroll.in
36	TEMPLE DESECRATION IN PRE-MODERN INDIA	22 Dec, 2000	RICHARD M. EATON	FRONTLINE	The page you were looking for doesn't exist.
37	A BUDDHIST ORGANISATION LAYS CLAIM TO AYODHYA, SAYS BUDDHIST SENSIBILITIES SHOULD NOT BE HURT WHILE CONSTRUCTING A RAM TEMPLE	20 July, 2020	VENKITESH RAMAKRISHNAN	FRONTLINE	The page you were looking for doesn't exist.
38	FALLACY OF THE HINDUTVA PROJECT	20 May, 2022	SHAMSHUL ISLAM	FRONTLLINE	The page you were looking for doesn't exist.
39	DESTROYING SHRINES	09 January, 2015	N/A	FRONTLLINE	The page you were looking for doesn't exist.
40	HERE’S THE CASE FOR RESTORATION OF DESECRATED HINDU TEMPLES—AND WHY IT LOSES THE DEBATE	26 May, 2022	YOGENDRA YADAV	THE PRINT	Here’s the case for restoration of desecrated Hindu temples—and why it loses the debate
41	HOW DURGA IMAGES AND SCULPTURES SHOWED UP IN GHAZNI, AFGHANISTAN	31 January, 2021	SUNITA DWIVEDI	THE PRINT	How Durga images and sculptures showed up in Ghazni, Afghanistan
42	BUDDHIST SHRINES WERE 'MASSIVELY DESTROYED' BY BRAHMANICAL RULERS	22 June, 2018	DN JHA	COUNTER VIEW	Sorry, the page you were looking for in this blog does not exist.
43	NEW TWIST: SUPREME COURT ACCEPTS BUDDHIST CLAIM IN AYODHYA DISPUTE	28 Jul, 2018	VALAY SINGH	ECONOMIC TIMES	India's billionaire neighbourhood: Mumbai bungalow sold for Rs 220 crore. Who bought it?
44	WHATEVER WE HAVE TODAY IN BRAHMINISM IS A TWISTED HISTORY OF BUDDHA’S WORK	7 February, 2021	SURAJ YENGDE	THE INDIAN EXPRESS	Oops! There was a problem!
45	‘MISTAKEN IDENTITY’: DEITY WORSHIPPED AT HINDU TEMPLE THAT OF LORD BUDDHA, RESTORE ORIGINAL STATUS, SAYS MADRAS HC	05 August, 2022	ARUN JANARDHANAN	THE INDIAN EXPRESS	Oops! There was a problem!
46	HOW HISTORY WAS MADE UP AT NALANDA	28 June, 2014	ARUN SHOURIE	INDIAN EXPRESS	How history was made up at Nalanda
47	SABARIMALA TEMPLE WAS BUDDHIST TEMPLE; KERALA GOVERNMENT INFORMS HIGH COURT	12 November, 2018	EXPRESS NEWS SERVICE	THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS	Looks like you are looking for a page that doesn't exist or has been moved.
48	STUDY BY IIT GANDHINAGAR AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT REVEALS THE EXISTENCE OF A THREE-LEVEL STRUCTURE BENEATH SOMNATH TEMPLE	3 December, 2020	OPINDIA STAFF	OP INDIA	Study by IIT Gandhinagar and Archaeological Department reveals the existence of a three-level structure beneath Somnath temple
49	WILL BUDDHISTS SEEK TO RECLAIM MONUMENTS DESTROYED TO BUILD HINDU TEMPLES?	09 Jul 2022	ARUN SINHA	NATIONAL HERALD INDIA	Will Buddhists seek to reclaim monuments destroyed to build Hindu temples?
50	VIOLENT BRAHMANIZATION OF MAHABALI’S OWN COUNTRY	11 January, 2016	DR. AJAY S. SHEKHAR	FORWARD PRESS	Violent Brahmanization of Mahabali’s own country
51	WITH AYODHYA’S BUDDHIST HISTORY UNEARTHED, IT’S NOW KASHI AND MATHURA’S TURN	24 June, 2020	RATNESH KATULKAR	FORWARD PRESS	WITH AYODHYA’S BUDDHIST HISTORY UNEARTHED, IT’S NOW KASHI AND MATHURA’S TURN
52	THE PERILS OF CORRECTING HISTORICAL WRONGS	28 June, 2022	ARUN SINHA	FREE PRESS JOURNAL	THE PERILS OF CORRECTING HISTORICAL WRONGS
53	PERSECUTION OF BUDDHISTS BY HINDU KINGS	24 October 2015	N/A	BLOGS POT	PERSECUTION OF BUDDHISTS BY HINDU KINGS
54	HINDU VIOLENCE AGAINST BUDDHISM IN INDIA HAS NO PARALLEL	31 October 2017	DR. M. S. JAYAPRAKASH	VELIVADA	HINDU VIOLENCE AGAINST BUDDHISM IN INDIA HAS NO PARALLE
55	BRAHMANIST ASSAULT ON BUDDHISTS	08 feb, 2018	DALISTAN	VELIVADA	BRAHMANIST ASSAULT ON BUDDHISTS
56	WHAT HAPPENED TO 84,000 STUPAS/VIHARAS BUILT BY SAMRAT ASHOKA?	N/A	JAYANT PATHRI AND VELIVADA TEAM	VELIVADA	WHAT HAPPENED TO 84,000 STUPAS/VIHARAS BUILT BY SAMRAT ASHOKA?
57	A TEMPLE WHERE HINDUS, BUDDHISTS PRAY TOGETHER	06 July, 2019	DIPENDER MANTA	TRIBUNE INDIA	A TEMPLE WHERE HINDUS, BUDDHISTS PRAY TOGETHER
58	RECLAIMING BUDDHA FROM TN HINDU TEMPLES A CHALLENGE: BUDDHISTS	05 August, 2022	PRABHAKAR TAMILARASU	THE FEDERAL	RECLAIMING BUDDHA FROM TN HINDU TEMPLES A CHALLENGE: BUDDHISTS
59	THE DECLINE OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA	N/A	DD KOSAMBI	MARXISTS.ORG	THE DECLINE OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA
60	VELUDHARAN'S TEMPLES VISIT	02 May, 2018	VELUDHARAN'S TEMPLES	VELUDHARAN BLOGSPOT	VELUDHARAN'S TEMPLES VISIT
61	WERE BUDDHISTS AND JAINS PERSECUTED IN ANCIENT INDIA?	26 May, 2008	MURAD A BAIG	CHOWK	WERE BUDDHISTS AND JAINS PERSECUTED IN ANCIENT INDIA?
62	HOW THE BUDDHISTS AND JAINS WERE PERSECUTED IN ANCIENT INDIA.	27 JUNE, 2012.	DR. B. KARTHIK NAVAYAN	KARTHIK NAVAYAN	HOW THE BUDDHISTS AND JAINS WERE PERSECUTED IN ANCIENT INDIA.
63	ANCIENT HINDU TEMPLE FOUND BUILT ON BUDDHIST SHRINE IN BANGLADESH’S DINAJPUR	27 July, 2015	ASHIK HOSSAIN	BD NEWS 4	ANCIENT HINDU TEMPLE FOUND BUILT ON BUDDHIST SHRINE IN BANGLADESH’S DINAJPUR
64	GYANVAPI ROW: DESTRUCTION OF TEMPLES WAS COMMON EVEN IN PRE-ISLAMIC INDIA	18 May 2022	RAJESH SINHA	NEWS NINE	GYANVAPI ROW: DESTRUCTION OF TEMPLES WAS COMMON EVEN IN PRE-ISLAMIC INDIA
65	बौद्ध दर्शन के विकास व विनाश के षड़यंत्रों की साक्षी रही पहली सहस्राब्द डा० तुलसी राम	June 2013	DR. TULSI RAM	SAMAYBUDDHA समयबुद्ध	बौद्ध दर्शन के विकास व विनाश के षड़यंत्रों की साक्षी रही पहली सहस्राब्द डा० तुलसी राम
66	HOW SHANKARACHARYA DESTROYED BUDDHISM IN THE 8TH CENTURY	07, feb	N/A	BODHI TV	HOW SHANKARACHARYA DESTROYED BUDDHISM IN THE 8TH CENTURY
67	खिलजी ने नहीं, नालंदा को ब्राह्मणवादियों ने किया था नष्ट	13 February, 2021	RAM PUNIYANI	JAN CHOWK	खिलजी ने नहीं, नालंदा को ब्राह्मणवादियों ने किया था नष्ट
68	WRONG DEPICTION OF BUDDHIST HISTORY IN INDIA	17 Aug, 2011	KISHORE WALANJU	THE BUDDHIST CHANNEL	WRONG DEPICTION OF BUDDHIST HISTORY IN INDIA
69	DISAPPEARANCE OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA	N/A	N/A	ORIGINAL BUDDHA	DISAPPEARANCE OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA
70	BUDDHISM IN KANCHI – AN ANCIENT CITY OF LEARNING	07 March, 2019	YOGI PRABODHA JNANA & YOGINI ABHAYA DEVI	WAY OF BODHI	BUDDHISM IN KANCHI – AN ANCIENT CITY OF LEARNING
71	ANCIENT BUDDHA STATUES OF KERALA	11 October, 2018	YOGINI ABHAYA DEVI	WAY OF BODHI	ANCIENT BUDDHA STATUES OF KERALA
72	BUDDHA AS KRISHNA: KILIRUR TEMPLE AND KERALA HISTORY	29 December, 2011	AJAYSEKHER	AJAYSEKHER.NET	BUDDHA AS KRISHNA: KILIRUR TEMPLE AND KERALA HISTORY
73	BUDDHISM IN KERALA	03 jan, 2010	AJAYSEKHER	AJAYSEKHER'S WEBLOG	BUDDHISM IN KERALA
74	BUDDHA PURNIMA: DID YOU KNOW KERALA TOO HAD BUDDHIST LINKS? CHECK THIS OUT	16 May, 2022	DEEPA SOMAN	ONMANORAMA	BUDDHA PURNIMA: DID YOU KNOW KERALA TOO HAD BUDDHIST LINKS? CHECK THIS OUT
75	COLUMN | HOW KERALA’S BUDDHIST HERITAGE AND LEGACY LIVE ON...	03 May, 2021	AJAY KAMALAKARAN	ONMANORAMA	COLUMN | HOW KERALA’S BUDDHIST HERITAGE AND LEGACY LIVE ON...
76	मुसलमान ही नहीं, हिंदू शासकों ने भी मंदिर तोड़े और लूटे	6 October, 2013	B4M_BUREAU	B4M_BUREAU	मुसलमान ही नहीं, हिंदू शासकों ने भी मंदिर तोड़े और लूटे
77	KANCHIPURAM	N/A	DR PREMA NANDAKUMAR	HINDUPEDIA	KANCHIPURAM
78	EVEN HINDU RULERS DESTROYED BUDDHIST STUPAS AND BUILT TEMPLES ON THEM!	06 December, 2019	N/A	GETBENGAL	EVEN HINDU RULERS DESTROYED BUDDHIST STUPAS AND BUILT TEMPLES ON THEM!
79	TRUTH BEHIND TALES OF TEMPLE DESTRUCTION	25 June, 2015	YOGINDER SIKAND	VEDKABHED	TRUTH BEHIND TALES OF TEMPLE DESTRUCTION
80	KASHMIR PROBLEM HAS ORIGIN IN FALL OF BUDDHISM	N/A	DR. K. JAMANADAS	AMBEDKAR.ORG	KASHMIR PROBLEM HAS ORIGIN IN FALL OF BUDDHISM
81	ERASED (OBSCURED) BUDDHIST SYMBOLS IN KANJI	27 AUGUST 2013	M. NEELAKANDAN	KEETRU.COM	ERASED (OBSCURED) BUDDHIST SYMBOLS IN KANJI
82	RELIGIOUS DESECRATION: WHO’S RESPONSIBLE FOR DESTRUCTION OF EARLY INDIAN, BUDDHIST PLACES OF LEARNING IN ODISHA?	03 December, 2019	VIDYA BHUSHAN RAWAT	SABRANG INDIA	RELIGIOUS DESECRATION: WHO’S RESPONSIBLE FOR DESTRUCTION OF EARLY INDIAN, BUDDHIST PLACES OF LEARNING IN ODISHA?
83	THEN AND NOW	N/A	N/A	PAZHAYATHU BLOGSPOT	THEN AND NOW
84	7 SURPRISING FACTS ABOUT THE CONTROVERSIAL SABARIMALA TEMPLE	18 October, 2018	AKASH SINGH	NATIVE PLANET	7 SURPRISING FACTS ABOUT THE CONTROVERSIAL SABARIMALA TEMPLE
85	SABARIMALA WAS ACTUALLY A BUDDHIST SHRINE AND AYYAPPA WAS ACTUALLY BUDDHA,	06 January, 2014	SHIVARAJDEDE	SHIVARAJDEDE’S BLOG	SABARIMALA WAS ACTUALLY A BUDDHIST SHRINE AND AYYAPPA WAS ACTUALLY BUDDHA,
86	SABARIMALA – MORE OF A REALITY THAN A MYTH	Jan 2015	SREEJTIH KUMAR G	CHINTHA	SABARIMALA – MORE OF A REALITY THAN A MYTH
87	INTRODUCTION TO TEMPLES OF KERALA EVOLUTION OF RELIGION, GODS, SHRINES AND TEMPLES	N/A	N/A	THRIKODITHANAM	INTRODUCTION TO TEMPLES OF KERALA EVOLUTION OF RELIGION, GODS, SHRINES AND TEMPLES

❖ In the below section, we collect the reaction from public given on social media. After analysing this reaction, we can say that the people are presenting Hinduism as a rival religion of Buddhism and brahmins taking revenge for their own defeat by destroy or convert Buddhist temples and burn alive the Buddhist monks. To prove this theory,they are giving many historical facts and archaeological surveys. They try to represent Buddhism is older than Hinduism. They also targeted Brahmins for destroying of the most famous Nalanda and other education hubs, they present Hindu kings as invaders on Buddhist temples.

CONVERSION OF BUDDHA STATUE AND TEMPLES

• this is really sad how they turnes Gautam buddha into som mythological god or goddes. free the gautam buddha vihars,
• Kanchipuram was once upon popular Buddhist place. Now got converted to vaidik temple.
• I live in Nepal and I have seen many Buddha's statue in Hindu temple.I believe once all these hindu temples are belongs to Buddhist..
• There are many many Buddhist temples across India which were converted to hindu temple. I will give you the biggest example which I surely know of and have seen evidence myself as well .
• The main temple in Bodh gaya which was built by Ashoka, was under hindu priests and pandits for decades during british occupancy. Hindu’s used to call its theirs and used to spread fake religious story and take all the money which used be donated by the foreign tourists who used to donate it specially for this buddhist temple infrastructure restoration.
• About the other budhhist temples which got converted to hindu -puri jagannath, kashi viswanath, thirupati temple i am sure of, there are quite a few books/articles you can find if you really want to and written by hindu scholars. I also think kedarnath, badrinath, and amarnath are also converted among the popular ones .
• According to archeological proof “There is hardly any doubt that the temples of Purneshvara, Kedareshvara, Kanteshvara, Someshvara and Angeshvara, all in Puri district, were either built on Buddhist viharas, or made of material derived from them."
• Humdreds, if not thousands of Buddhist temples were converted into Shiva temples first and much later Vishnu temples .
• A buddhist temple evolved as a kind of reverence to the Buddha and were initially built as small stupas (mounds containing sacred remains of the Buddha). During the reign of Chakravarthi Ashoka, he super sized stupas and reportedly built 84,000 of them across India, the most famous of them being at Sanchi .
• Ramanujam did the same with Vishnu temples and so on .
• Stupa & not shivling at temple - Buddhists believe Bodh Gaya-like structure may be unearthed• Sabarimala Temple was Buddhist temple, Kerala government informs High Court
• Yes absolute yes. Many buddhist temples converted to Hindu temples. No doubt. Archaeological survey of India also known this. but only due to possibility of anger of large hindu population, they keep mum. Thanks to Britain they preserve some of this Buddhist caves and temples .
• Yes it is true badrinath was a Buddhist temple earlier, adi sancraharya converted it into Hindu temple because of some insecurity to Buddhism foundation in uttrakhand, it has always been the land of Buddhism as mentioned in texts by Chinese traveller who came there a long time ago, these fools who give you reasons about Islamic invasion are no brainers mughal rulars never reached that far, infact many of them were defeated and upper kumaon region and garwhal region in uttrakhand never came under mughal rule, the soldiers of mughal king were defeated in doon valley by the garwhali queen who is also famous as nakati Rani because she cut off the noses of invaders and it is also the reason that there are so many monasteries in Dehradun, how do I know it?? Cause my village is in joshimath and I sure have heard story of badrinath from our old ones, sure the Hindu will tell you this and that, but it is true adi sancraharya was a very intelligent priest who knew that to protect India of foreign forces the dham has to be created at different corners, moreover he knew there was also a probability that at some time it could get more influenced from the neighboring Tibetans who are not too far from badrinath, well temple or monastry it dosen't matter it's a peaceful place
• They might have. There are examples from the temples of Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu .
• Tamilnadu’s Buddhist past: During sangam age to medieval times Kanchi puram was a great learning center for Buddhists and Jains .
• The Buddhist Tamil epic Manimegalai, mentions that Kanchipuram was a higher learning center for Buddhist monks and Nuns .
• But, there aren’t any Buddhist Viharas left anymore. Instead we have only Shiva temples and Vishnu temples
• It was converted in to Vaishnava temple during Sri Ramanujacharya's visit and later got the promotion and wealth during king Krishnadevaraya's reign (Vijayanagar dynasty)
• In the 7th volume of complete works of Swami Vivekananda it is mentioned that Jagannath puri was a Buddhist centre which was converted to Hindu temple under the sway of the Vaishnavas. What Hindus think about this? Should the temple be returned back?
• Having said that, buddha is different deity than Jagannath. So if temple is proved to have be converted taken from buddha temple and buddha deity worshippers demand it, the temple should be returned back to buddha deity worshippers .
• In othe ans you will know how people blies without shame… Swami vivekananda said jaganath puri is buddhist shrine which is converted to hindu temple .
• Yes as per swami vivekananda jaganath puri is buddhist shrine. Swami Vivekananda, regarded as an icon by Hindutva politicians, was also a great narrator of ancient India. He unambiguously declared that Jagannath Temple was originally a Buddhist Temple. According to his admission: “To any man who knows anything about Indian history…the temple of Jaganath [sic] is an old Buddhistic temple. We took this and others over and re-Hinduised them. We shall have to do many things like that yet. " (Swami Vivekananda, ‘The Sages of India’ in The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, Vol. 3, Advaita Ashram, Calcutta, p. 64.)
• It has been corroborated by another darling of the Hindutva camp -- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. According to him Rath Yatra, an integral part of Jagganath Temple was a Buddhist ritual too. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee wrote:
• "I am aware that another, and a very reasonable, account of the origin of the festival of Rath (at Jagganath Temple) has been given by General Cunningham in his work on the Bhilsa Topes. He there traces it to a similar festival of the Buddhists, in which the three symbols of the Buddhist faith, Buddha, Dharmma, and Sangha, were drawn in a car in the same fashion, and I believe about the same season as the Rath.
• “It is a fact greatly in support of the theory, that the images of Jagannath, Balaram, and Subhadra, which now figure in the Rath, are near copies of the representations of Buddha, Dharmma, and Sangha, and appear to have been modelled upon them." (Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra, 'On the origin of Hindu festivals' in Essays & Letters, Rupa, Delhi, 00, pp. 8-9.)
• First of all the point you asked that Buddha statues are everywhere is correct . And almost 80% of the buddha statues were converted to hindu god statues (I will give some proof)• Later on his team went to all over India to spread Hinduism. They killed many Buddhist people and allegedly converted many budhha statues in Hindu Mythology statues.
• SANCHI STUP in hindu temple as Shivaling
• It is also interesting to note that even today anyone who is a “Hindu” can perform Abhiseka to the Lord or perform Archana directly irrespective of the persons caste or sex. This practice is absolutely rare in Vaishnava temples or for that matter other Hindu temples. The local tribes known as Chenchus not only perform Archana and Abhiseka but also take part is almost all important temple festivities. The week caste and sex barriers are signs of Buddhist and Jain influence.
• The Sangam period was one of the greatest periods in Indian literature. This collection contains over 300 poems by over 473 poets. The period spanned over 900 years starting from 600 BCE to 300 CE. These poems and other texts were written in Tamil and the subjects covered were largely secular in nature which is not surprising since most of this literature was written by Buddhist and Jain monks. NOTE: The word “Sangam” is from Sanskrit and is never mentioned in a single text from that period. The actual word used is “Sangha” which is a Buddhist and Jain term for “assembly of monks”.
INDIA CHOSE TO DECLINE BUDDHISM
• प्राकृतिक बुध्दधम्म ही मानवधर्म है जो भारत की असली ऐतिहासिक विरासत भी है।
• बुध्द और डॉ बाबासाहेब अंबेडकर के संशोधनों से ही बुध्दमय भारत फिरसे समृध्द सुरक्षित होगा। जयभिम ‘
• However, we must not force feed a narration that fits those in power or in majority .
• When we look at itihas, it has been tumultuous, with highs and lows. Every ruler forced their way of life, their ideology and religion on those s/he ruled. There must not be any doubt about it. The decline of Buddhism after about 00 BC was priparimily due to the advancement of Brahmanism (This is specific to the Indian Subcontinent and not Asia, as the reader may already know that the decline of Buddhism was restricted to the sub-continent, where as it picked momentum in Central Asia, moving swiftly towards China and Japan). Yes, many Buddhist temples, monasteries, and academic institutions were demolished and replaced with temples venerating Hindu Gods and Goddess. By the time the Afghans and Turks came to the borders of Western India, Buddhism had already suffered 00 years of significant decline .GO TO TOP58
• Xuanzang, the Chinese monk-traveler (7th century CE) visited Kanchi, it was at the height of its glory. He recorded about hundreds of Mahayana viharas and 0,000 monks there. Xuanzang also reported that there were about 80 Deva temples (Hindu ) and many Nirgranthas (Jains).

BRAHMANICAL FORCES CONSPIRACY

• Today RSS is doing the same thing. Making new history and new "Veer" leaders.
• History and civilization reveal truth donit believes in mythology of Brahmins and Manuism Jai Bhim Jai Bharat
• Manubadies are united. Bahujan (SC, st religious minorities and obc ) are not hindu atall. Bahujan samaj should aware on the cunning plan of Manubadies . Be united , fought for our earlier glory .• Bilkul sahi Baat kahi hai aapane yah video ekdum sahi hai in ..brahman Logon Ne Buddh ko... Bhagwan Mein Badal Diya hai
• U r right sir.. Bramhanone or marathone koi kasar nhi chodi h.vaise p jinka knowledge achha h, jinko alag alag books padneka,janneka shok h, unko Sach pata hota h.ye log to jalte h Bagvan Boddha se, or unke Dharm se.lekin Hindu log bevkuff h,sb imagination stories banai h,kitne b bodhha k sabut h,lekin unko mediya se chupaya jata h,or apni sarkar me aaj tk koi dalit badi post pr nhi h,or nahi aajtak kabi pm.koi dalit nhi huva.q k baki samaz k log dalitoko aage Jane nhi dete.
• • सारा खेल शासन सत्ता का है हिन्दू बनाने का मतलब देश में ब्राह्मण राज्य कायम करना वरना ब्राह्मण खुदमुगलों समय में अपने आपको हिन्दू नही मानता था. बाकी आपकी बातें १००% सत्य है बौद्धाचार्य जी
• we need every Indian to have fortitude of bhante ji ..Bharat ka swadeshi dharm Buddhism ha aur har manavtavadi Buddha ko manta ha......all humanity lovers in India need to adopt Buddhism and to act and react according to the teachings of Lord Buddha
• thats kinda ironic i think, they are so uneducated, foolish, mean, and selfish. its a pity .• Its only Shankaracharya revived Hinduism around 800-900 AD, and he did it so by force across India, he travelled across India and converted all the big temples to Hinduism you know of today. Of course,he was a great extra ordinary man who were able to do so, but its all based on lies :)
• Chinese pilgrim Fa-hsien, who visited India in the early fifth century, during the Gupta period, says, “at Sarasvati, where the Buddha spent much of his life, Brahmins seem to have appropriated a Kushana Buddhist site,” where a temple with Ramayana panels was constructed .
• Pushyamitra who became king after Mauryan empire, destroyed many buddhist monastries. There is widespread archaelogical evidence of Shunga’s destruction of Buddhist monuments. It is supported by the layers of debris and the evidence of desertion found at many centers of Buddhism, notably in Madhya Pradesh. For example, Sanchi, in Raisen district, which was an important Buddhist site since the time of Ashoka, has yielded evidence of the vandalisation of several edifices during the Shunga period. other evidence comes from nearby places such as Satdhara, in Katni district, and Deurkothar, in Rewa district .
• To this day, important hindu ceremonies are not performed at the altar but by imvoking the gods into smaller figurines (usually made of silver/gold or even turmeric or mud). This is called ‘prana prathistapana’ or invoking life into the figurines .
• Then the mantras ‘sthapayami poojayami’ are used to let the god know that we will worship you for now .
• Hindu stalwarts such as Kumarila Bhatt and Shankarcharya arrived on the scene almost 500–800 after the death of Buddha. Most of Buddhism was on decline and they usurped temples and converted the stupas into Lingams (note the resemblance and the lack of an origin story of lingam) GO TO TOP59
• A meditating shiva is not unlike a meditating Buddha and this is where Sankara played his part. He shamelessly claimed Buddhist temples as Shiva temples .
• There is no doubt about it. I suppose when we take history into consideration, we must avoid biases towards ethnicity, religion, cast or creed. There is a phenomenon under the Hindutva rule to whitewash everything Brahmin. Hinduism in all its aspect has contributed to not just spiritual growth of the people influenced by it, but also contributed in other domains of society .
• What happened to the Buddhist Viharas ? The answer lies in the pillars of the Hindu temples : Many images of Buddha, Bodhisattvas and Buddhist Yogis can be seen chiseled in the pillars of Kachapeshwarar Temple in Kanchi. These pillars do not have a particular order, and it looks like that they were adjusted in height post-sculpting to fit for the current mandapa. From this, it may be inferred that these could be the reuse of the pillars from an earlier dilapidated Buddhist structure. Parts of Buddhist structures are used in the compound walls of Ekambareswarar temple .
• I have read a book where it is mentioned that it was indeed shrine of buddhist god 'Avalokiteshvara' ( it seems Avalokiteshvara is buddhist version of Lord Vishnu)
• In fact, the Puri Temple was not the only one to be “Hinduised”. Founder of Arya Samaj, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, while describing the heroics of Shankaracharya in “Satyarth Prakash”, wrote:
• "For ten years he toured all over the country, refuted Jainism and advocated the Vedic religion. All the broken images that are now-a-days dug out of the earth were broken in the time of Shankar, whilst those that are found whole here and there under the ground had been buried by the Jainis for fear of their being broken (by those who had renounced Jainism)." (Satyarth Praksh by Swami Dayanand Sarswati, chapter xi, p. 347.)
• The Hindutva rulers who declare their love for indigenous religions like Buddhism and Jainism should begin to handover their usurped temples and vihars at the earliest to them
• Did Hindu Brahmins convert the Buddhist stupas, shrines and caves into Hindu temples and shrines like Balaji Temple and Sabarimala Temple?
• Before brahmins came to India there was Buddhism everywhere. And Mauryan empire empire used to Rule India.
• The last ruler of Mauryan Empire was Brihadratha Maurya and He ruled from 87 to 80 BCE, when he was killed by his general, Pushyamitra Shunga (a Brahmins), who went on to establish the Shunga Empire.
• Most historians agree that people in South India (including parts of Maharashtra and Gujarat) up until the 9th and 0th centuries for the most part were Buddhists and Jains.Shaivism and Vaishnavism were unknown to most South Indians until Chola kings of the 0th century (who were mostly Vaishnavites) started to spread their religion.Many Buddhist and Jain places of worship were converted over period of time to places of worship for the Vaishnava gods like Lord Venkateswara.One of the Buddhist traditions that is still practiced in the Thirumala temple is the shaving of the head by the devotees. Buddhism allows men, woman and children to shave their heads as part of the initiation ceremony. It is an important first step in a person’s journey towards enlightenment. Vaishnavism prohibits shaving of head except in the case of death of a close family member. Women are allowed to shave their head only if the husband dies. Vaishnava priests (modern day Brahmins) never shave their head completely

DESTRUCTION OF BUDDHA TEMPLES & MONASTERIES

•नेपाल और भारतके सब हिन्दु देवालय बौद्ध बिहार तोड़कर ही बनाया है। नेपालके स्वयम्भुनाथ और बौद्धनाथ सहित चारुमती माहाविहार तोडकर पशुपतिनाथ के देवालयबनायाहै साथ मेंमुक्तिनाथ, हलेसी, चांगुनारायण, गुहेश्वरी, काष्टमण्डप आदि भी बौद्ध बिहार तोड़कर बनाया है।• सभी विडियो में से एक ऐसा विडियो बनाये जिसमें बुद्ध स्तूपों को तोड़ मरोड़ कर शिवलिंग बनाया गया है व लिंगपूजा की जा रही है पूरे देश को इस प्रकार के विडियो की सख्त जरूरत है।• देश की ऐतिहासिक विरासत के साथ ऐसी छेड़ छाड़ और अतिक्रमण करनेवालो पर सक्त कार्रवाही होना चाहिए
• You have rightly said that the place of father of the Indian constitution is irreplaceable. It is impossible to change the democratic order of the land in this twenty first century of the world. all of citizens of this sacred land of Lord buddha must endeavor to keep up an egalitarian society in this country rather than spreading conservatism and communalism among the people of this Lord Buddha's landscape• in the 960–70 there was lot of fights between budhhist monks before the indian govt finally gave it to budhhists. note: there was an incident where a budhhist monk set himself on fire on the street for the protest against hindu atrocities and died .
• the entire temple area is controlled and maintained by the budhhist now, but still there is a small temple inside the premises (right infront of the main temple) still controlled by the hindu priests as of today, where they put up their donation box in the hope of money. inside this small temple there are six statues, the main one is budhha and around him 5 other statues of his first five disciples. and the hindu priests call them as 5 pandavas and draupadi :)
• Think about this. after the Ashoka most of the indian continent was self converted to buddhism. and the hinduism was in great decline. So why do you think the temples which were constructed in that time are hindu temples .
• Budhhist got back only one temple, the main temple in Bodh gaya, that too after a lot of fight
• There is evidence from both historical texts and archeology that there was destruction of buddhist temples and monastries, and conversion into brahminical temples. Famous temples such as Jagannath Puri, Vithoba temple in Pandharpur, and thirupati etc appears to be have been converted from Buddhist temples .
• If you look into the temple records of any major Hindu temple, they don’t go back beyond 9th century which itself proves that previous records were destroyed to hide evidence of Buddhist ownership .
• A reclining Buddha is used in compound wall of Ekambareswarar temple
• We can’t exactly say Buddhist Viharas were destroyed to build these temples, but we know parts of the Buddhist Viharas were used in building these temples .
• The Buddhist texts state that Pushyamitra cruelly persecuted the Buddhists.
• Pushyamitra Shunga destroyed many Buddhist temples and killed many Buddhist Monks (beheaded). (By offering 00 coins to the killers)

NALANDA UNIVERSITY

• According to the records Nalanda University was destroyed three times by Birhamins with the help of invaders but rebuilt only twice. All three-time Birhamin were the main common cause of fire, because they didn’t like the education which was written in Pali on many sheelas. The first destruction was caused by riot between the Huns under Mihirakula and Birhamins during the reign of Skandagupta (455–467 AD). Irony is that the Birhamin were taking care of security of ruler’s building because they were government employees and the library was burnt by them blaming public 6for distruction. Many budhist people were murdered during the riot. But Skanda’s successors restored the library and improved it with an even bigger building.The second destruction came in the early 7th century by the Gaudas helped by Birhamins. Here also the Birhamins were protecting the government building Goudas were agitated due to the agriculture tax collection. Birhamins took advantage of situationa and burnt library nd time. This time, the Buddhist king Harshavardhana (606–648 AD) restored the university.Finally, third and most destructive attack came when Birhamin were in power the ancient Nalanda University was destroyed by the Muslim army guided by Brahmin and led by the Turkish leader Bakhtiyar Khilji in 93. After initiating fire the army moved on and Brahmins kept the fire going on for six months to burn all the selected literature which was against their teaching of Puranas. But most of the lirature was in Pali which Birhamin did not understand so they were very angry with such education.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

• There is archaeological evidence that more than 50 kilometres north-east of Vidisha, a Buddhist establishment existed at Khajuraho before it emerged as a major temple town from the tenth century onwards, under the Chandellas. Here, the Ghantai temple appears to have been built on the remains of a Buddhist monument in the ninth or tenth century by the Jains, who also may have had a strong presence in the region."
• Only, more Archealogical excavations would shed some light into this .
• The report also states that there are Buddhist caves beneath the areas surrounding the Statue of Unity which is located at a distance from Digvijay Dwar of the temple. The report has been handed over to the temple trust .

NO EXISTENT OF HINDUISM
• There is no religion such as Hinduism. What we call Hinduism today is in big part nothing but Mahayana buddhism. It has very little to do with vedas/vedic dharma. Vedas believe in Yagnas and animal sacrifices, bans idol worship. Hindus today don’t believe and don’t perform yagnas and animal sacrifices, and believe in idol worship. Buddhism bans animal sacrifices. Idol worship also started with Mahayana Buddhism. idols and their stories are used as there inspiration and guide for the people. A devotee chooses idols based on the qualities he wishes to cultivate, like lord Hanuman for strength, Rama for courage and sacrifice, Laxmi for wealth, Buddha for spirtiual qualities etc .• Secondly there is no concept of saints in Vedic dharma. This belief in saints, ( called bodhisattvas in buddhist terminology) also started with Mahayana Buddhism. Hindus today follow and worship saints. So if you consider major practices of Hinduism today, most of them are Mahayana practices. Core philosophy of Buddhism is also incorporated as Vendant in modern Hinduism, Most of the terminology is same there with minor changes .

S. NO	TITLE	CHANNEL	Year	OBSERVATION	LINK
1	MONKS CLAIM RAM JANMABHOOMI AS BUDDHIST SITE	THE TIMES OF INDIA	2020	In this video the Buddhist monks are claiming that the Ram Janmabhoomi area was a Buddhist site. They sat on a fast unto death in Ayodhya and said the site should be handed over to UNESCO for excavation. The monks demanded the construction work of Ram temple be stopped immediately	Monks claim Ram Janmabhoomi as Buddhist site
2	बख्तियार खिलजी ने नहीं, नालंदा को ब्राह्मणवादियों ने नष्ट किया था	AWAAZ INDIA TV	2021	In this video it has claimed that Brahmins were afraid of the spread of Buddhism, so they destroyed all the Buddhist monasteries including NALANDA) in India with the help of external forces.	बख्तियार खिलजी ने नहीं, नालंदा को ब्राह्मणवादियों ने नष्ट किया था
3	DID BUDDHISM SUCCUMB TO A BRAHMINICAL 'JIHAD'?	SANGAM TALKS	2022	In this video the interview of Dr.KOENRAAD ELST ( is a Belgian Indologist) has been mentioned in which it has said that Shankaracharya destroy mutths as claimed by Buddhists, Buddhist revolt to this alleged 'Hindu aggression' on their temples/monasteries, Shankara Digvijaya it mentions that Shankaracharya did not directly debate with the Buddhists, but it was his adversary Kumarilabhatta, a Mimamsa scholar infiltrated Buddhist ranks and understood their doctrines and defeated them in debate.	DID BUDDHISM SUCCUMB TO A BRAHMINICAL 'JIHAD'?
4	भारत के कण-कण में बुद्ध ही क्यों बसते है ? बौद्ध स्थलों पर क्यों है आक्रमण ! Dr. Vilas Kharat	AWAAZ INDIA TV	2021	In this video it has claimed that in India all the Buddhist temples are captured by brahmins on the Signal of RSS, first they captured the buddha viharas and then converted buddhvihar into a fake temple.	भारत के कण-कण में बुद्ध ही क्यों बसते है ? बौद्ध स्थलों पर क्यों है आक्रमण ! Dr. Vilas Kharat
5	न मंदिर, न मस्जिद: अयोध्या में था बौद्ध विहार, साकेत नगरी थी अयोध्या	AWAAZ INDIA TV	2017	This video claimed that the conspiracy place of ayodhyababridhancha is a buddha vihar according to history, and boudha community demand from SC to allot the place to Buddha community.	न मंदिर, न मस्जिद: अयोध्या में था बौद्ध विहार, साकेत नगरी थी अयोध्या
6	REASONS FOR DECLINE OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA । “WHY HINDUISM SURVIVED BUT BUDDHISM WAS LOST"	BODHISATTVA	2021	This video talks about why Hinduism was able to survive the Middle Ages and are thriving even today in India, while Buddhism was lost forever. Most of the Buddhist monuments built during the golden ages of India were lost and were rediscovered only during the 9th and 20th centuries, after remaining lost for more than 800 years under the debris of history.	REASONS FOR DECLINE OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA । “WHY HINDUISM SURVIVED BUT BUDDHISM WAS LOST"
7	INDIA UNDER MODI IS LIVING THROUGH A DARK AGE: PROFESSOR DN JHA	NEWSCLICK	2015	In this video the interview session of DN Jhaa and Teesta Setalvad has been shown. DN JHAA put many allegation on the RSS/VHP/BJP by explaining the culture of Buddhist.	INDIA UNDER MODI IS LIVING THROUGH A DARK AGE: PROFESSOR DN JHA
8	भारत मे बौद्ध धर्म ख़त्म होने का सबसे बड़ा भारत मे बौद्ध धर्म ख़त्म होने का सबसे बड़ा कारण/BIGGEST REASON FOR THE END OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA	NATIONAL DASTAK	2018	In this video it has claimed that Brahmans are afraid for Buddhism, Sanatan Dharam is never exist but Buddhism is always mentioned in our cultural and historical books.	भारत मे बौद्ध धर्म ख़त्म होने का सबसे बड़ा भारत मे बौद्ध धर्म ख़त्म होने का सबसे बड़ा कारण/BIGGEST REASON FOR THE END OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA
9	WOULD THEY TALK ABOUT POST MAURYA PERIOD WHERE PUSHYAMITRA SHUNGA WENT ABOUT BURNING MONASTERIES AND KILLING SHRAMANAS	PAWAN KHERA	2022	This video explains about post Maurya period where Pushyamitra Shunga went about burning monasteries and killing Shramanas? Or post Gupta period where MIHIRKULA of Huna dynasty destroyed 600 Buddhist Stupas and replaced them with temples of Shiva?	WOULD THEY TALK ABOUT POST MAURYA PERIOD WHERE PUSHYAMITRA SHUNGA WENT ABOUT BURNING MONASTERIES AND KILLING SHRAMANAS
10	GOKANNA TEMPLE -BUDDHIST TEMPLE BUT NOW TURNED INTO A HINDU KOVIL	සිංහලදීපය	2015	This video explains about the THIRUKONESWARM temple which is in Trincomalee or the previous Gokanna Vihara. GokannaViharaya in Trincomalee (Thirukoneswaram temple). It has been theBuddhist temple but now turned into a Hindu temple.	GOKANNA TEMPLE -BUDDHIST TEMPLE BUT NOW TURNED INTO A HINDU KOVIL
11	DID HINDU DESTROY BUDDHA VIHARAS? I BUDDHISM IN INDIA	SATYA HINDI सत्यहिन्दी	2022	In this video RAM PNIYANI talks about the destroying of Buddhist temples and specially about Brahmin general Pushyamitra who founded the Shunga dynasty through his anti-Buddhist regicide. It laid the foundation for destruction of Buddhist shrines, monasteries, icons, and history.	DID HINDU DESTROY BUDDHA VIHARAS? I BUDDHISM IN INDIA
12	TEMPLE DESTRUCTION: THE REASON BEHIND IT	DR RAM PUNIYANI	2020	In this video RAM PNIYANI talks about temple destruction of BUDDHA. There is a widespread perception that Muslims Kings destroyed Hindu temples. This is part of the truth. Hindu Kings also destroyed temples and Muslim Kings also gave donations to Hindu temples. Temples were primarily destroyed for wealth and also to settle the political rivalry.	TEMPLE DESTRUCTION: THE REASON BEHIND IT
13	BUDDHIST TEMPLE AT CHEJARLA CONVERTED TO HINDU TEMPLE	ALTA NIGRUM	2021	This video talks about AMVAR CHEJARLATemple at Andhra Pradesh. The apsidal structure seen at the beginning was the original Buddhist chaitya. Added to it were internal walls and structures built around it. Hindus claim inscriptions inside the temple show the conversion was voluntary, that is why historians such as Romila Thapar believe the conversion was through dominance and force.	BUDDHIST TEMPLE AT CHEJARLA CONVERTED TO HINDU TEMPLE
14	देखें महाराष्ट्र के कार्ला की गुफाओं में बुद्ध से जुड़े स्थलों पर कैसे कब्जा कर रहे हैं हिंदू?	FORWARD PRESS	2018	In this video it has said that there are many Buddha statues in the Karla caves in Lonavala, Maharashtra. These statues prove that this site is related to Buddhism. But the temple of Ekvira has been built by the Hindus at this site. No one has the answer to what is the history of Ekvira. If so, only stories.	देखें महाराष्ट्र के कार्ला की गुफाओं में बुद्ध से जुड़े स्थलों पर कैसे कब्जा कर रहे हैं हिंदू?
15	TIRUPATI TEMPLE AS A BUDDHIST SHRINE - DR K JAMANADAS PROVES	PANKAJ PAWAR	2014	In This video TIRUPATI TEMPLE has been used to claim that during the process which went on for centuries, many Buddhist shrines were converted for Brahmanical use..	TIRUPATI TEMPLE AS A BUDDHIST SHRINE - DR K JAMANADAS PROVES
16	HOW BUDDHA IS RELATED TO BALAJI: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE-BY DR.DEVARAJU MAHARAJU-	THE HUMANIST WAY	2019	In this video it has said that Until the 0th century, the Kerala region was dominated by Buddhists. There are many proofs of this.Many Buddha statues of that time were found in excavations in Kerala. ALAPPUZHA(Karumadikuttan), NEYYANTIM KARA KARUNAGAPALLI, EDAPPALLY, MAVELIKAKARAare the important idols. The converted monasteries testify to the spread of Buddhism. Hinduism started there gradually between 0-2 centuries. This is the root cause.	HOW BUDDHA IS RELATED TO BALAJI: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE-BY DR.DEVARAJU MAHARAJU-
17	HOW BUDDHA BECAME AYYAPPA?-BY DR.DEVARAJU MAHARAJU || బుద్ధుడుఅయ్యప్పఎలాఅయ్యాడు?-డాక్టర్దేవరాజు	THE HUMANIST WAY	2019	In this video it has claimed that BUDDHA becameAYYAPPA.Hinduism started there gradually between 0-2 centuries. Its founder was Parmar Parashuram (970 AD). He conquered the entire Kerala region and gradually started converting people to Hinduism. We find Parashurama wearing an ax as a weapon in Hindu scriptures. It is not known whether this Parashurama was also involved in the Dashavatara, as the Buddha was included in the Dashavatara.	How Buddha became Ayyappa?-By Dr.Devaraju Maharaju || బుద్ధుడు అయ్యప్ప ఎలా అయ్యాడు?-డాక్టర్ దేవరాజు
18	HOW TO BUDDHA'S STUPA CONVERTED IN HINDU'S TEMPLE.!	THE HISTORY OF BUDDHISM TV	2022	In this video it has said that buddha stupas and temples converted by brahminical forces into the hindutempals, in india many of the Buddhist sites who forcfully converted in Hindu tempals.	HOW TO BUDDHA'S STUPA CONVERTED IN HINDU'S TEMPLE.!
19	BUDDHIST CAVES FOUND BELOW SOMNATH TEMPLE, WAS TEMPLE BUILT OVER A BUDDHIST SHRINE CENTURIES BACK	ENE SOUTH ASIA	2020	In this video it has said that Buddhist caves found below Somnath temple; archaeological survey of India filed its report.	BUDDHIST CAVES FOUND BELOW SOMNATH TEMPLE, WAS TEMPLE BUILT OVER A BUDDHIST SHRINE CENTURIES BACK
20	STRUCTURE WAS APPROPRIATED BY VAISNAV HINDU KING	N/A	N/A	Hayagriva temple situated on Manikuta hill at Hajo in Assam.Built by the Buddhist Pala dynasty in 0th-thCE & a sacred site of Vajrayana Buddhism.The original Vihara was destroyed by Kalapahar& the structure was appropriated by Vaisnavhindu king in6thCE.	STRUCTURE WAS APPROPRIATED BY VAISNAV HINDU KING
21	BUDDHA KO SHIVLING BANA DIYA ?	SCIENCE JOURNEY	2020	In this video it has claimed that All the ancient Shivalinga’s of India are said to be actually Shivalinga’s or statues of Buddha. Hindus converted all the Buddhists temples and monasteries in their Hindu temples.	BUDDHA KO SHIVLING BANA DIYA ?
22	BIHAR/ORISSA: THE REVIVAL OF HINDUISM IS ONLY TO DESTROY BUDDHISM	DALIT CAMERA	2013	In this video it has claim that the revivalism of Hinduism has supressed the Buddhism in Bihar. RSS pays much attention in these two states in making sure buddhism never rises.Media in these states are totaly supportive to the upper caste in these states. 8 dalitactivists have been murdered for protesting caste violence. the bureaucrat says that there is no land to be given, which was also made as a government policy	BIHAR/ORISSA: THE REVIVAL OF HINDUISM IS ONLY TO DESTROY BUDDHISM
23	BUDDHISM VS ADVAITA VEDANTA—WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?	ARSHA BODHA CENTER - SWAMI TADATMANANDA	2020	In this video it has claimed that Vaishnavas are trying to shape Buddhism to Hinduism and they spread negative thing for Buddhism.	BUDDHISM VS ADVAITA VEDANTA—WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?
24	OIT DEBATE AND NEGATION OF ISLAMIC TEMPLE DESTRUCTION	THE JAIPUR DIALOGUES	2022	In this video it has claimed that There is a sudden spurt in opposition to Out of India Theory, which is the exact opposite of Aryan Invasion Theory, and there is also a spurt in theories that temple destruction was not just an Islamic obsession but was common to all.	OIT DEBATE AND NEGATION OF ISLAMIC TEMPLE DESTRUCTION
25	BUDDHISM'S DECLINE IN INDIA	DOUG'S DHARMA	2020	In this video it has claimed that the first enemies of Buddhism were those who believed in Hinduism, especially Brahmins, attacking Buddhism, killing Buddha saints was common.	BUDDHISM'S DECLINE IN INDIA
26	LOOKING LIKE A BUDDHA	N/A	N/A	In this video it has mentioned that After performing abhishek(anointing) on the idol, Goddess starts looking like a Buddha.	LOOKING LIKE A BUDDHA
27	पुष्पमित्र शुंग का उद्देश्य बौद्ध धर्म को नष्ट करना और ब्राह्मणों को भारत का सर्वोच्च शासक बनाना था	AMBEDKARNAMA	2022	In this video it has claimed that While the Maurya ruler loved Buddhism on the one hand, the Sunga, who was a descendant of Brahmins, hated Buddhism and wanted to eradicate it. So that they can occupy the supreme power of India.	पुष्पमित्र शुंग का उद्देश्य बौद्ध धर्म को नष्ट करना और ब्राह्मणों को भारत का सर्वोच्च शासक बनाना था
28	बुद्ध मूर्ति तोड़ने वाले पुष्यमित्र शुंग पर भड़के ओविसी और बीजेपी RSS पर ये क्या बोल दिया	THE JANTA LIVE	2022	In this video the speech of AWSUDDIN OWAISI has been used to claimthat Muslims have no role in destroying Buddha's temple, Brahmins have done it, OWAISI angry at Pushyamitra Shunga, who broke Buddha statue.	बुद्ध मूर्ति तोड़ने वाले पुष्यमित्र शुंग पर भड़के ओविसी और बीजेपी RSS पर ये क्या बोल दिया
29	बौद्ध धर्म को अब खतरा इस्लाम से नहीं है, ब्राह्मण से है- आंबेडकर	AMBEDKARNAMA	2022	In this video it has claimed that BuddhaDharam has fears from BRAHMINS instead of ISLAM. vivekananda had said that puri jagannath temple is a budhvihar,BANKIM CHANDRAhad also said that and DAYANAND SARASWATIhad said that somnath is a Buddh temple.	बौद्ध धर्म को अब खतरा इस्लाम से नहीं है, ब्राह्मण से है- आंबेडकर
30	बुद्धिस्ट महिलाओं ने ठोका दांवा,तिरुपति बालाजी से जगन्नाथ मंदिर यह सभी बुद्ध विहार है Buddhist India	AWAAZ INDIA TV	2022	This video talks about all the Hindu temples in India was a buddha viharand in history, Hindus destroyed all the buddha culture, architects and their university.	बुद्धिस्ट महिलाओं ने ठोका दांवा,तिरुपति बालाजी से जगन्नाथ मंदिर यह सभी बुद्ध विहार है Buddhist India
31	सम्राट अशोक के बनाए बौद्ध स्तूप विहार गुफाएं आज कहा गायब है? diksha tv	DIKSHA TV	2022	This video talks about the 84 thousand Bodh stupas made by KING ASHOKA. It has claimed that the people of HINDU their religion try to destroy buddha culture, they captured all the temples of buddha, their culture and their architect and converted them to Hinduism.	सम्राट अशोक के बनाए बौद्ध स्तूप विहार गुफाएं आज कहा गायब है? diksha tv
32	Buddhist Heritage/Legacy को ब्राह्मणों के द्वारा नष्ट किया जा रहा है? -Dr.Vilas Kharat | MNTv	MNTV	2022	In this video it has claimed that buddh temples captured by brahmins, they convert all the buddha vihar in their so called fake temples and they try to rule in India on the basis of Manusmriti	Buddhist Heritage/Legacy को ब्राह्मणों के द्वारा नष्ट किया जा रहा है? -Dr.Vilas Kharat | MNTv
33	क्या वास्तव में Jagannath Temple बौद्ध बिहार है? : विशेष चर्चा | Waman Meshram |Vilas Kharat | MNTv	MNTV	2020	In this video it has claimed that puri jagannath is a buddha temple and lord krishna in Hindu religion is a personification of lord buddha,injagannath temple they kept bones of buddha.	क्या वास्तव में Jagannath Temple बौद्ध बिहार है? : विशेष चर्चा | Waman Meshram |Vilas Kharat | MNTv
34	भगवान बुद्ध ही पंढरपूर के विट्ठल है, सम्राट अशोक ने इस विहार का निर्माण करवाया था :Dr. Bhau Lokhande	AWAAZ INDIA TV	2020	In this video it has claimed that The temple of pandharpur was a temple of lord buddha and lord VITTHAL is a personification of lord buddha, the vihar was built by king Ashoka.	भगवान बुद्ध ही पंढरपूर के विट्ठल है, सम्राट अशोक ने इस विहार का निर्माण करवाया था :Dr. Bhau Lokhande
35	SAKET (AYODHYA) BUDDH VIHAR IS OCCUPIED/CAPTURED BY BRAHMINS.	RASHTRIYA ADIVASI EKTA PARISHAD	2022	In this video the interview of THE LALLANTOP has been used to claim that In spite of all the remains of the heritage of the native society in India, the Brahmins occupation of governance and administration is being destroyed by the historical heritage of indigenous society i.e. SC, St, Obc and the judiciary also giving decision based on faith, of Brahmins Are you getting captured? Because the judiciary is also occupied by Brahmins.Brahmins have been conspiracy to destroy the history and heritage of indigenous society for centuries and is still happening in present, ayodhyarammandir place is a boddhvihar, and brahmins and hindu community captured it.	SAKET (AYODHYA) BUDDH VIHAR IS OCCUPIED/CAPTURED BY BRAHMINS.
36	BUDDHA KO VISHANU BANA DIYA	SCIENCE JOURNEY	2020	In this video it has claimed that All the Vaishno temples of India have Vishnu idols is not a vishnu, it’s a Buddha statue. Hindu create their own fabricated stories on buddhas, they try to spread that the buddha is a form of their GOD Vishnu.	BUDDHA KO VISHANU BANA DIYA
37	बुद्धा बना हनुमान BRAHMINS CONVERTED STATUE OF BUDDHA INTO HANUMAN	SUPPORT BAMCEF MULNIVASI	2018	In this video it has claimed that Hindus tied to forcefully convert buddhas statues in their god hanuman and Ganesh, first they captured the Buddhist sites and then converted into their own style.	बुद्धा बना हनुमान BRAHMINS CONVERTED STATUE OF BUDDHA INTO HANUMAN
38	अयोध्या मंदिर समतलीकरण मे क्यू निकल रहे है बुद्ध अवशेष	BUDDHA PARADISE	2020	In this video the contents related to stupa is being used to claimed that AYODHYA is a SAKETNagri. And question has been asked Why are the relics of Buddha coming out in the levelling of Ayodhya temple? Why does Buddha always come out in digging on the land of India, hindus try to destroy Buddhism history.	अयोध्या मंदिर समतलीकरण मे क्यू निकल रहे है बुद्ध अवशेष
39	BUDDHIST TEMPLE CONVERTED TO HINDU TEMPLE: TRIVIKRAMA TEMPLE	ALTA NIGRUM	2021	In this video the contents related to Trivikrama Temple is being used to claim that this is a buddhist temple which was converted to a Hindu temple in 6th century CE. If you see in the video, the original semi-circular taller Buddhist apse can be seen along with the later Hindu flat-roofed mandapa (hall) added to its front.	BUDDHIST TEMPLE CONVERTED TO HINDU TEMPLE: TRIVIKRAMA TEMPLE
40	BUDDHA STATUES IN KANCHIPURAM KARUKKINIL AMARNTHAL TEMPLE	SARAVANA KUMAR	2012	In this video the content related toKANCHIPURAM KARUKKINIL AMARNTHAL Temple is being used to claim thatbrahmins have converted the Buddhist sites in Hindu devi temples, they captured the buddha statues and converts into their own idols.	BUDDHA STATUES IN KANCHIPURAM KARUKKINIL AMARNTHAL TEMPLE
41	KARNATAKA का ANNAPOORNESHWARI TEMPLE जहाँ आज भी देवी के रूपमें BUDDHA की पूजा होती है |	DIKSHA TV	2020	In this video the content related toHORANADU ANNAPURNESHWARI temple of Karnataka is being used to claim that is a Buddhist statue.There are many temples in India, if you remove their clothes from their idols, only Buddha will emerge.	KARNATAKA का ANNAPOORNESHWARI TEMPLE जहाँ आज भी देवी के रूपमें BUDDHA की पूजा होती है |
42	मंदिर में बुद्ध की मूर्ति को देवता बताकर पूज रहे थे हिंदू, हाईकोर्ट ने लगा दी रोक। खुल गया बड़ा राज	THE NEWS BEAK	2022	In this video the content related to Idol THLAIAVETYY MUNIAPPAN has been used to claim that High court order to declare this idol as of Buddha.	मंदिर में बुद्ध की मूर्ति को देवता बताकर पूज रहे थे हिंदू, हाईकोर्ट ने लगा दी रोक। खुल गया बड़ा राज
43	तिरूपति बालाजी का सच | निकला प्राचीन बौद्ध विहार | ब्राह्मणो की खुल गई पोल || Tirupati Buddh vihar	DIKSHA TV	2019	In this video it has claimed that Tirupati Balaji is originally a Buddhist temple converted by Ramanujan/Shankaracharya around 8th century A.D onwards along with 000s other dravid temples. The Complete idol is covered to hide its original identity.	तिरूपति बालाजी का सच | निकला प्राचीन बौद्ध विहार | ब्राह्मणो की खुल गई पोल || Tirupati Buddh vihar
44	ढूंढा गया शिवलिंग मिल गए बुद्ध//खेल बदल गया हिंदुओ में मचा हड़कंप//बौद्धों के लिए बुरी खबर//	SATYA KI KHOJ	2022	In this video it has claimed that all the idols of Buddha have been replaced by Hindu God. An attempt also done to provoke the St commnity for raising voice against this act and complain to archaeological departments.	ढूंढा गया शिवलिंग मिल गए बुद्ध//खेल बदल गया हिंदुओ में मचा हड़कंप//बौद्धों के लिए बुरी खबर//
45	यहाँ सारे बौद्ध स्तूपों को शिवलिंग बनाया गया है | रहस्यमय पोला डूंगर | ज्ञानवापी क्या है | MP-15	BODHI SATVA	2022	In this video the contents related to POLA DUNGAR has been used to claim that this is a place of Bodh Vihar and stupa is used as shivling. Many places related to the life of Tathagata Buddha are yet to come to the fore and they need to be properly compensated. The state of Bihar, which was the ancient Vihara (where Buddha used to live) is finding its existence today. India's most advanced state of ancient times is today at the stage of poverty.	यहाँ सारे बौद्ध स्तूपों को शिवलिंग बनाया गया है | रहस्यमय पोला डूंगर | ज्ञानवापी क्या है | MP-15
46	लिंगपूजा और कुछ नही यह बौद्ध स्तूप पूजा है।	GENIUS INDIA	2019	In this video it has claimed that Brahmanical forces convert all the related things of Buddhism, they convert dhaam into Dharam, mahamaya to mahalaxmi, convert stups to shivlinga, vihars to mandir, etc. they try to delude Buddhist.	लिंगपूजा और कुछ नही यह बौद्ध स्तूप पूजा है।
47	खोदो और गहरा खोदो नीचे बुद्धही दिखाईदेंगे: बौद्ध भिक्षु का दावा	NATIONAL JANMAT	2022	In this video बौद्धभिक्षुclaimed that when the dead bodies are being uprooted, then dig the excavation deeper, Buddha will be found below. Buddhist Viharas and Buddhist education centres are buried under thousands of places of worship across the country, if you have the courage, then get a fair excavation done.	खोदो और गहरा खोदो नीचे बुद्धही दिखाईदेंगे: बौद्ध भिक्षु का दावा
48	आयोध्या मामले पर बौद्ध भिक्षु भदंत आंनद ने ऐसा क्या बोला जो तेजी से वायरल हो रहा	THE JANTA LIVE	2020	In this video बौद्धभिक्षुभदंतआंनदhas spoken against Hindu religion,Gods, RSS, Bajrang dal and supported the Ambedkar ideology. He also said that There is no relic of Ram in Ram Janmabhoomi, it is anland of Buddha, then why is the government building a temple at the behest of Brahmins or why such discrimination with Buddha society.	आयोध्या मामले पर बौद्ध भिक्षु भदंत आंनद ने ऐसा क्या बोला जो तेजी से वायरल हो रहा
49	“BRAHMINS BUILT TEMPLES BY DISTORTING THE BUDDHIST MONUMENTS."	MNTV	2020	In this video the extraction of book written by PRABHODHANKAR THACKERAY has been used to claim that Brahmins have destroyed all the Buddhist temples and before Buddhism there was no existence of any Hindu temples.	BRAHMINS BUILT TEMPLES BY DISTORTING THE BUDDHIST MONUMENTS."
50	IS JAGANNATHA OF PURI IS BUDDHIST TEMPLE? SWAMI VIVEKANANDA'S VIEW.	AVM	N/A	In this video it has claimed that the Hindu teachers accepted the Buddhist institution of monks andoccupied the Buddhist monasteries and temples. They have used the example of JAGANNATHA OF PURI.It has also said that the many monasteries that we now see in India occupied by monks were once in the possession of Buddhism. The Hindus have only made them their own now by modifying them in their own fashion.	IS JAGANNATHA OF PURI IS BUDDHIST TEMPLE? SWAMI VIVEKANANDA'S VIEW.

S. NO.	CATEGORY	OBSERVATION	LINK
1.	POSTER	Jagannath in the form of Gautam buddha	Pic 1
2.	POSTER	Presenting as Broken statue of buddha by Hindus	Pic 2
3.	POSTER	Jagannath is a Buddhist place, they captured by Hindus forcefully	Pic 3
4.	POSTER	Paal kalineBuddha statue present as shelving	Pic 4
5.	POSTER	Pillars with buddha images and idols in a temple	Pic 5
6.	POSTER	Kachapeshwaratemple captured by Hindus	Pic 6
7.	POSTER	Nalanda university destroyed by Hindu kings	Pic 7
8.	POSTER	That’s the way to convert buddha idols in Hindu god	Pic 8
9.	POSTER	It’s proved that puri Jagannath is a Buddhavihara	Pic 9
10.	POSTER	Hindu temple in the places of Buddhist sites	Pic 10
11.	POSTER	Tirupati Balaji is a Buddhist site and brahmins are converted this into the Hindutemple	Pic 11
12.	POSTER	In India every Hindu temple is built on the Buddha Monastery	Pic 12
13.	POSTER	Even today, if a temple is excavated in India, then only the statue of Buddha will be found from under it.	Pic 13
14.	POSTER	Buddha idols are being worshiped as Hindu deities, by Brahmanical forces	Pic 14
15.	POSTER	Nalanda university was distorted by brahmins because they afraid from Buddhism	Pic 15
16.	POSTER	Brahmins killed buddha and then try to capture Buddhism	Pic 16
17.	POSTER	How Brahminical forces and their Hindu kings convert buddha in Tirupati Balaji.	Pic 17
18.	POSTER	Buddhist shrine converted into so call fake Hindu temples	Pic 18
19.	POSTER	Try to present buddha was a 10th form of lord Vishnu	Pic 19
20.	POSTER	saffron parties are supporting to converting Buddhist into Hindu deities	Pic 20
21.	POSTER	Fabrication by vedism to Buddhist temple of puri Jagannath	Pic 21
22.	POSTER	The Ashok pillar is a prove that puri Jagannath is a Buddhist temple or not a Hindu temple	Pic 22
23.	POSTER	Pandarpurtemple is a Buddhist site	Pic23
24.	POSTER	A Buddha temple who converted into a shiv temple	Pic 24
25.	POSTER	Hindu religion lies was exposed	Pic 25
26.	POSTER	Brahmins conspiracy	Pic 26
27.	POSTER	5 buddha images compounded in a Hindu temple	Pic 27
28.	POSTER	Vaishnavism conversion Ramanuja into puri Jagannath	Pic 28
29.	POSTER	Vaishnav’s are helped Mughals to destroyed Buddhist sites	Pic 29
30.	POSTER	Buddhism is a peaceful religion that’s why Hindus destroyed it.	Pic 30
31.	POSTER	Hinduism converted mahamaya into mahalaxmi, buddha into Vishnu, etc.	Pic 31
32.	POSTER	How pushpmitrashung destroyed Buddhism and why Hinduism survived	Pic 32
33.	POSTER	Captured buddha deities and convert into the Hindu gods	Pic 33
34.	POSTER	In devghar, Jharkhand a Buddha statue captured and convert into Hindu deities	Pic 34
35.	POSTER	Today the Hinduism is changed, now their only target is to destroy Buddhism	Pic 35
36.	POSTER	Taking superstition as the basis, Hindus are changing Buddha statue	Pic 36
37.	POSTER	Buddhist statues on the wall of Hindu temples	Pic 37
38.	POSTER	In Nalanda, Hindus are disrespected the statue of buddha	Pic 38
39.	POSTER	At the time of Abhishek of Krishna, the lies of Hindus was exposed	Pic 39
40.	BOOK	The book, who proved that Tirupati Balaji is not a Hindu temple	Pic 40
41.	ARTICLE	Hindu brahmans are accepted that, the Shankaracharyawas a destroyer of Buddhism	Pic 41
42.	ARTICLE	Under the temple of Somnath, there is some clue of existence of Buddha monasteries	Pic 42
43.	ARTICLE	also, Court is ordered that; the temples are a Buddhist sites	Pic 43
44.	ARTICLE	Court orders on Buddhist site	Pic 44
45.	ARTICLE	Hindus worship the statue of Buddha in the temple	Pic 45
46.	NEWS	The temple built on Buddhist monasteries	Pic 46
47.	NEWS	Deity worshiped at Hindu temple that of lord buddha	Pic 47
48.	NEWS	Many areas in Maharashtra there are some many existences of buddha monasteries	Pic 48
49.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Buddha statue in a temple of Tamil Nādu, captured by Hindu community	Pic 49
50.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Brahmins Capturing buddha statue for their own profits	Pic 50
51.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Atrocity done by Brahminical forces on Buddhism	Pic 51
52.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Hindu kings destroyed all the statues and stupas of Buddhism	Pic 52
53.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Save your culture before making India a Vishwa guru	Pic 53
54.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Brahmins appropriated buddha and converted the scripture to Hindu god with decoration and clothes	Pic 54
55.	SOCIAL MEDIA	High caste Hindus convert buddha in Hindu god, and try to Hindu fiction of all buddha things	Pic 55
56.	SOCIAL MEDIA	The brahmins who came from abroad are taking possession of our Buddha and converting him into Hindu gods and goddesses.	Pic 56
57.	SOCIAL MEDIA	RSS had tried to Hindu fiction of all Buddhist things, they just like a terrorist organisation	Pic 57
58.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Archology department has proved that Somnath temple is a Buddhist monastery	Pic 58
59.	SOCIAL MEDIA	How Hinduism was survived in the era of Mughals	Pic 59
60.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Buddha image on the compound wall of Hindu temple	Pic 60
61.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Badrinath is a Buddhist shrine, Adi Shankaracharya converted that into a Hindu temple	Pic 61
62.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Buddhist statues, stupas and vihars were destroyed in the name of revival of Hinduism	Pic 62
63.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Most of the peoples of India are admitted that Hindu kings are destroyed Buddhism	Pic 63
64.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Hinduism tries to capture Buddhism	Pic 64
65.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Nagarjunkonda is a Buddhist site captured by brahmins	Pic 65
66.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Brahmins destroyed Buddhist sites	Pic 66
67.	SOCIAL MEDIA	The huns(hindus) destroyed Buddhism	Pic 67
68.	SOCIAL MEDIA	The great Nalanda fort is destroyed by a Hindu king	Pic 68
69.	POSTER	A Hindu temple on the site of Buddhist monastery	Pic 69
70.	POSTER	The tooth of buddha is captured by brahmins and stored in puri Jagannath	Pic 70
71.	BOOK	Hindus did forcefully captured Buddhist sites	Pic 71
72.	BOOK	In Magadha a Hindu king destroyed many Buddhist temples and monasteries	Pic 72
73.	BOOK	Buddhist monasteries captured by Hindus	Pic 73
74.	BOOK	A Hindu king destroyed Buddhism	Pic 74
75.	BOOK	Hindus did forcefully captured Buddhist sites	Pic 75
76.	POSTER	Buddha statue in Hindu temple	Pic 76
77.	POSTER	Buddha statue is covert in towel baba	Pic 77
78.	POSTER	Buddha statue under Hindu temples	Pic 78
79.	POSTER	On the top of Jagannath temple, there was a statue of buddha	Pic 79
80.	POSTER	Three level Buddhist structured under Hindu temple	Pic 80
81.	POSTER	Buddha statue on the wall of Jagannath temple	Pic 81
82.	POSTER	Buddhastupas convert in Shivalinga	Pic 82
83.	POSTER	Buddha statues in a Hindu temple	Pic 83
84.	ARTICLE	In Kerala 85 percent temples is a Buddhist shrine or monasteries	Pic 84
85.	SOCIAL MEDIA	Sabrimala temple is a Buddhist shrine	Pic 85
86.	POSTER	Broken statue of buddha by Brahmanical forces	Pic 86
87.	POSTER	Under the Somnath temple, there are three level monasteries of buddha	Pic 87
88.	ARTICLE	Hindu captured Buddhist sites like; Jagannath	Pic 88
89.	ARTICLE	Ram temple in Ayodhya is a Buddhist sthal	Pic 89
90.	POSTER	Swami Vivekananda viewpoint on the topic of “Jagannath is a Buddhist shrine”	Pic 90
91.	POSTER	Atrocities on buddha statue in Brahmanical era	Pic 91
92.	ARTICLE	would you know that triparty Balaji is a Buddhist/Jain shrine	Pic 92
93.	POSTER	Buddha statue of Tirupati Balaji temple	Pic 93
94.	POSTER	Its truth that Tirupati Balaji is a Buddhist temple	Pic 94
95.	POSTER	Presenting Buddha statue broken by Hindu forces	Pic 95
96.	POSTER	Buddha idols find in a shiva temples at Andhra Pradesh	Pic 96
97.	POSTER	Comparison between Hindu temples and buddha temples	Pic 97
98.	POSTER	Broken buddha statue by saffron forces	Pic 98
99.	ARTICLE	Conspiracy of Mahaveer image in a Hindu temple	Pic 99
100.	POSTER	Complete idol is covered to hide its original identity	Pic 100

S.NO	PAPER TITLE	AUTHOR	YEAR	PUBLISHER	JOURNAL NO.	LINK
1)	Brahmanical Intolerance in Early India	D.N. JHA	2016	SOCIAL SCIENTIST	Vol. 44, No. 5/6	Brahmanical Intolerance in Early India
2)	The Apsidal Shrine in Early Hinduism: Origins, Cultic Affiliation, Patronage	HIMANSHU PRABHA RAY	2004	TAYLOR & FRANCIS, LTD.	Vol. 36, No. 3	The Apsidal Shrine in Early Hinduism: Origins, Cultic Affiliation, Patronage
3)	'Destruction' and 'Decline' of NālandāMahāvihāra: Prejudices and Praxis	ANAND SINGH	2013	ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OF SRI LANKA (RASSL)	Vol. 58, No. 1	'Destruction' and 'Decline' of NālandāMahāvihāra: Prejudices and Praxis
4)	The History of North-Eastern India. Extending from the foundation of the Gupta Empire to the rise of the Pāla Dynasty of Bengal (c. A.D. 320–760).	R. BURN	2011	CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS	Volume 68, pp. 163 - 164	The History of North-Eastern India. Extending from the foundation of the Gupta Empire to the rise of the Pāla Dynasty of Bengal (c. A.D. 320–760).
5)	A Buddhist Altarpiece from South India	JAN FONTEIN	1980	MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, BOSTON	Vol. 78, pp. 4-21	A Buddhist Altarpiece from South India
6)	History of contributions of Nalanda University	JASBIR KAUR	2017	GURU NANAK COLLEGE,FEROZPUR	5.2IJAR 2017; 3(3): 1285-1287	History of contributions of Nalanda University
7)	Collected Papers on Buddhist	PADMANABH S. JAINI	2003	AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY	Vol. 123, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar. 2003)	Collected Papers on Buddhist
8)	Hindu-Buddhist Conflict in the Chachnama: Fact or Fiction	DILEEP KARANTH	2020	RESEARCHGATE	N/A	Hindu-Buddhist Conflict in the Chachnama: Fact or Fiction
9)	The Sri Lankans, the Turuṣkas, the Mahants, and the British	KARAM TEJ SARAO	2020	UNIVERSITY OF DELHI	DOI:10.1007/978-981-15-8067-3_6	The Sri Lankans, the Turuṣkas, the Mahants, and the British
10)	Stūpas, Aśoka and Buddhist Nuns: Early Buddhism in Ujjain and Malwa	PETER SKILLING	2011	PETER SKILLING	Vol. 25 (2011),	Stūpas, Aśoka and Buddhist Nuns: Early Buddhism in Ujjain and Malwa
11)	PUSHYAMITRA SUNGA AND THE BUDDHISTS	RAM KUMAR MISHRA	2012	INDIAN HISTORY CONGRESS	Vol. 73, pp. 50-57 (8 pages)	PUSHYAMITRA SUNGA AND THE BUDDHISTS
12)	The Buddhist Origin of Some Brahmanical Cave-Temples at Ellora	KRISHNA KUMAR	1976	ISTITUTO ITALIANO PER L'AFRICA E L'ORIENTE (ISIAO)	Vol. 26, No. 3/4 (September - December 1976)	The Buddhist Origin of Some Brahmanical Cave-Temples at Ellora
13)	The Hindu Confrontation with the Jaina and the Buddhist	ALVAPPILLAI VELUPPILLAI	1993	SCRIPTA INSTITUTI DONNERIANI ABOENSIS	Vol. 15 (1993): The Problem of Ritual	The Hindu Confrontation with the Jaina and the Buddhist
14)	The Thousand-armed Mañjuśrī at Dunhuang and Paired Images in Buddhist Visual Culture	MICHELLE C. WANG	2016	DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS	Vol. 66, No. 1 (2016), pp. 81-105	The Thousand-armed Mañjuśrī at Dunhuang and Paired Images in Buddhist Visual Culture
15)	Brahmin Sasan Villages Around Puri	KALI AS NRUSHINGHA, SARAT CHANDRA MOHAPATRA	2005	RESEARCHE GATE	N/A	Brahmin Sasan Villages Around Puri

S. NO	BOOK	YEAR	AUTHOR	PUBLISHER	OBSERVATION	LINK
1	THEVARAM	11TH CENTURY	DIVYA PRABANDHA	GIRI	Hundreds of Buddhists were killed on the banks of the river at Aluva in Kerala. The term Aluva is derived from Alavi which means Trisul, a weapon used by the Hindu Nazis to stab the Buddhists. Similarly on the banks of the Vaiga River in Tamil Nadu thousands of the Buddhists were killed by the Saiva saint Sambanthar.	Hindu Violence against Buddhism in India has NO Parallel
2	RAJATARANGANI	12TH CENTURY	KALHANA	SHAIVITE SCHOLAR	Hiuen-Tsang, who visited India from 629 to 645 AD, describes the influence of a south Indian Brahmin queen on her husband who ordered the execution of many thousand Buddhists including 8,000 in Madurai alone and unleashed a wave of violent destruction on Buddhist monasteries in Punjab and Kashmir.	How the Buddhists and Jains were Persecuted in Ancient India.
3	BUDDHIST INDIA	1911	T. W. RHYS DAVIDS	T. FISHER UNWINADELPHI TERRACE	There is no evidence that Shankaracharya directed such persecution but what is likely is that power-hungry local rulers may have used his great name to lend legitimacy to their own destruction and looting. Many local hill rajas now invited Brahmins to their domains to get themselves elevated to the rank of Kshatriyas. And many were encouraged to attack Buddhist monasteries.	How the Buddhists and Jains were Persecuted in Ancient India
4	ON YUAN CHWANG’S TRAVELS IN INDIA	1918	T. WATTERS; ED. BY T. W. RHYS DAVIDS AND S.W. BUSHEL	ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY	Kushinara, where the Buddha had entered into Mahaparinirvana, the cremation stupa had been converted into a Hindu temple, and on top of it stood the temple of Rambhar Bhavani when Cunningham discovered the site in 1860-61	Brahmanist Assault on Buddhists
5	STUDIES IN SOUTH INDIAN JAINISM	1922	B. SESHAGIRI RAO, M. S. AYYANGER RAMASWAMI	WENTWORTH PRESS	In this book it has mentioned that the Jains used to instal the images of their saints in their religious places, a practice which was followed by Brahmins. Hindu temples appeared all over Tamilnadu probably after converting the Jain religious places. The idols of 63 Brahmin Sanyasis, who led destruction of Jainism, still adorn the walls of some Hindu temples in Tamilnadu.	Hinduism and TalibanismBy Mukundan C. Menon
6	COMPLETE WORKS OF SWAMI VIVEKANANDA, VOL.VII	1927	VIVEKANANDA, SWAMI	ADVAITA ASHRAMA	In this book it has mentioned that Sankaraburnt to death lots of the Buddhist monks by defeating them in the argument. What can you call such an action on Sankara’s part except fanaticism	Hindu Violence against Buddhism in India has NO Parallel
7	THE BUDDHIST ANTIQUITIES OF NAGARJUNAKONDA	1938	LONGHURST, A.H	DIRECTOR GENERAL, ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA	In this book it has mentioned that at Nagarjunakonda, the Adi Sankara played a demon’s role in destroying the Buddhist statues and monuments. Longhurst who conducted excavations at Nagarjunakonda	Hindu Violence against Buddhism in India has NO Parallel
8	MEMOIRS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA NO: 54	1938	ALBERT HENRY LONGHURST	MANAGER OF PUBLICATIONS	Adi Sankara a Hindu monk played a demon’s role in destroying Buddhist statues and monuments. In a most ruthless manner, all Buddhist buildings at Nagarjunakonda were destroyed. Many of the pillars, statues, and sculptures were wantonly destroyed.	HINDU VIOLENCE AGAINST BUDDHISTS AND WANTON DESTRUCTION OF BUDDHIST SITES IN INDIAPosted on December 1st, 2017
9	EPIGRAPHICA INDIA VOL XXIX	1951	DESAI.Z.A	INTERNET ARCHIVE	This book defines a fire to the Jain scriptures, a hunter of wild beasts in the form of the followers of Jina (Jains) and an adept at the demolition of Buddhist canon	Were Buddhists and Jains Persecuted in Ancient India?
10	HISTORY OF ORISSA	1957	DR. HAREKRUSHNA MAHTAB	SECRETARY STATE COMMITTEE FOR COMPILATION OF HISTORY OF THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT ORISSA PUBLISHING	In this book, Cunningham asserts that the Brahma (the divine life material) of Jagannatha is nothing but a Buddhist relic. The Saga of the Land of Jagannatha opine that it is a Buddhist triad. In fact, there is no historical evidence of worship of Jagannatha at Puri prior to the 10th century A.D.	Jagannatha: The Supreme God —– Buddhist Connections or Origin
11	BUDDHISM IN ORISSA	1958	NABIN KUMAR SAHU	UTKAL UNIVERSITY	In this book it has mentioned that the suspension of caste during the festival and the belief that the image contains the relics or bones of Krishna”. In support of second point he says that “(it) is also not at all Brahmanical, it is eminently characteristic of Buddhism.	Jagannatha: The Supreme God —– Buddhist Connections or Origin.
12	ASHOKA AND DECLINE OF MOURYAS	1961	ROMILA THAPAR	OXFORD (2012)	The Hindu ruler, Pushyamitra Sunga, demolished 84,000 Buddhist stupas which had been built by Ashoka the Great	Hindu Violence against Buddhism in India has NO Parallel
13	THE SAGES OF INDIA’ IN THE COMPLETE WORKS OF SWAMI VIVEKANANDA, VOL. 3, ADVAITA ASHRAM, CALCUTTA	1964	SWAMI VIVEKANANDA	ADVAITA ASHRAMA	Swami Vivekananda, regarded as an icon by Hindutva politicians, was also a great narrator of ancient India. He unambiguously declared that Jagannath Temple was originally a Buddhist Temple. According to his admission: “To any man who knows anything about Indian history…the temple of Jaganath [sic] is an old Buddhistic temple. We took this and others over and re-Hinduised them. We shall have to do many things like that yet. "	Did Hindu Brahmins convert the Buddhist stupas, shrines and caves into Hindu temples and shrines like Balaji Temple and Sabarimala Temple?
14	ASPECTS OF INDIAN HISTORY AND CIVILISATION	1965	SHIVA LAL AGARWALA	BUDDH PRAKASH	This book shows the prominent seventh-century murderer of Buddhists by Sudhanvan of Ujjain	Brahmanist Assault on Buddhists
15	THE WONDER THAT WAS INDIA	1977	AL BASHAM	PICADOR; INDIAN ED	This book shows the 12th century text states that Shashanka destroyed the Buddhist stupas of Bengal and was an oppressor of Buddhism.[27] Shashanka is reputed to have cut the Bodhi tree where the Buddha found enlightenment, in the Mahabodhi Temple of Bodh Gaya.	Shashanka (Wikipedia)
16	SANKARA DIGVIJAYA	1979	VIDYARANYA	SRI RAMAKRISHNA MATH	In this book it has mentioned that In Kerala, Sankaracharya and his close associate Kumarila Bhatta, an avowed enemy of Buddhism, organized a religious crusade against the Buddhists.	Hindu Violence against Buddhism in India has NO Parallel
17	BUDDHISM IN THE TAMIL COUNTRY	1979	TANGSAL NARAYANA VASUDEVA RAO	ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY	N/A	காஞ்சியில் அழிக்கப்பட்ட (மறைக்கப்பட்ட) பௌத்த அடையாளங்கள்
18	THE DISAPPEARANCE OF BUDDHISM AND THE SURVIVAL OF JAINISM	1980	JAINI, P. S.	B. R. PUBLISHING CO.	This book shows the concentration of the sangha into large monastic complexes like Nalanda was one of the contributing causes for the decline. He states that the Buddhists of these large monastic institutions became "largely divorced from day-to-day interaction with the laity, except as landlords over increasingly large monastic properties" also notes that Buddhist laypersons are relatively neglected in the Buddhist literature, which produced only one text on lay life and not until the 11th century, while Jains produced around fifty texts on the life and conduct of a Jaina layperson.	How Shankaracharya destroyed Buddhism in the 8th century
19	STUDIES IN THE BUDDHISTIC CULTURE OF INDIA	1987	LM JOSHI	MOTILAL BANARSIDASS	Jagannatha temple at Puri in Orissa was also originally a Buddhist shrine. Similarly, the Vishnupada temple at Gaya was also once a Buddhist shrine.	Brahmanist Assault on Buddhists
20	THE THOUSAND-ARMED AVALOKITESVARA	1988	LOKESH CHANDRA	ABHINAV PUBLICATIONS	In this book it has mentioned that it was Siva who was metamorphosed into Avalokitesvara...The image at Potalaka which was originally Siva, was deemed to be Avalokitesvara when Buddhism became dominant... The PotalakaLokesvara and the Thousand-armed Avalokitesvara have echoes of Siva and Vishnu, of Hari and Hara	The Buddhist Connection: Sabarimala and the Tibetans
21	BUDDHISM & TAMIL	1989	SHU HIKOSAKA	INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES	N/A	காஞ்சியில் அழிக்கப்பட்ட (மறைக்கப்பட்ட) பௌத்த அடையாளங்கள்
22	HINDU TEMPLES: WHAT HAPPENED TO VIVEKATHEM	1990	SITA RAM GOEL, HARSH NARAIN, RAM SWARUP, ARUN SHOURIE, JAY DUBASHI	VOICE OF INDIA	The Stalinists had proclaimed that the Kesavadeva Temple which had been destroyed by Aurangzeb for rich booty as well as for being a centre of Hindu rebellions, was built at first during the reign of Jahangir and occupied the site of a Buddhist monastery destroyed by Hindus.	Hindu Temples: What Happened to Them (Set of 2 Volumes)
23	RAJATARANGINI: THE SAGA OF THE KINGS OF KASHMIR	1990	RANJIT SITARAM PANDIT	SOUTH ASIA BOOKS	N/A	N/A
24	HISTORY OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA	1990	TARANATHA	MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUB	The temple of Madhava at Sal Kusa, opposite Gauhati in Asam, was once a sacred shrine of the Buddhists. … And the famous Jagannatha temple at Puri in Orissa was also originally a Buddhist shrine. Similarly, the Vishnupada temple at Gaya was also once a Buddhist shrine.	Brahmanist Assault on Buddhists
25	TIRUPATI BALAJI WAS A BUDDHIST SHRINE	1991	DR. K. JAMANADAS	SANJIVAN PUBLICATIONS	In this book it has mentioned that the temple was originally a Buddha Chaitya andduring the course of revival of Hindu worship, it was converted into a Hindu temple	Tirupati Balaji was a Buddhist Shrine
26	BUDDHISM IN SOUTH INDIA	1992	D. C. AHIR	SOUTH ASIA BOOKS	N/A	காஞ்சியில் அழிக்கப்பட்ட (மறைக்கப்பட்ட) பௌத்த அடையாளங்கள்
27	NEW LIGHT ON CENTRAL ASIAN ART AND ICONOGRAPHY	1992	P. BANERJEE	ABHA PRAKASHAN	It is possible that the Hindu Shahis installed Durga’s image in the Buddhist monastery. It is a good example of the absorption of Hindu deities in the Buddhist pantheon, and also points to the fact that Buddhist shrines were converted into Hindu shrines.	How Durga images and sculptures showed up in Ghazni, Afghanistan
28	INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY - A REVIEW 1969-70	1993	A. GHOSH	ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA	N/A	காஞ்சியில் அழிக்கப்பட்ட (மறைக்கப்பட்ட) பௌத்த அடையாளங்கள்
29	THE HISTORY OF THE PANJAB HILL STATES	1994	JOHN HUTCHISON, JEAN PHILIPPE VOGEL	ASIAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES	N/A	A temple where Hindus, Buddhists pray together
30	ZAINA RAJATARANGINI	1994	ŚRĪVARA	INDIAN COUNCIL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH	Buddhism in Southern India: In the south of India while there was no over persecution of Buddhists at least two Pallava rulers Simhavarma and Trilochana are known to have destroyed Buddhist stupas and have had Hindu temples built over htem. However, Bodhidharma, a patriarch of Zen Buddhism was a Brhamin prince from the Pallava dynasty	BUDDHIST AND JAIN WORSHIP PLACES DEMOLISHED OR TURNED INTO HINDU TEMPLES
31	BUDDHA GAYA THROUGH THE AGES	1994	DC AHIR	SOUTH ASIA BOOKS	In this book it has mentioned that Shashanka, the enemy and oppressor of Buddhism, cut down the Bodhi tree, destroyed its roots down to the water and burned what remained.	Brahmanist Assault on Buddhists
32	MESSENGERS OF LIGHT	1995	PAUL MAGNIN	UNESCO DIGITAL LIBRARY	The Buddha’s fight against Brahminism won him many enemies from among the Brahmins. They were not as greatly opposed to his philosophical teachings as they were to his message of universal brotherhood and equality for it directly challenged their hegemony and the scriptures that they had invented to legitimize this.	How Shankaracharya destroyed Buddhism in the 8th century
33	THE RISE AND DECLINE OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA	1995	KANAI LAL HAZRA	MUNSHIRAM MANOHARLAL PUBLISHERS	This book explains about the violence against Buddhists by Hindu Brahmins and kings. Hazra mentions that the eighth and ninth centuries saw "Brahminical hostilities towards Buddhism in South India"	Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
34	HISTORY OF NEPAL	1996	DANIEL WRIGHT	ASIAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES	Buddhism had been the prevailing religion of the Himalayas with Badrinath and Kedarnath as Buddhist temples until Shankaracharya (788 -820 AD) usurped them in the 8th century and the shrines at Badri and Kedar were then converted into shrines of Shiv and Vishnu.	Were Buddhists and Jains Persecuted in Ancient India?
35	ARCHAELOGICAL ATLAS OF THE ANTIQUE REMAINS OF BUDDHISM IN TAMIL NADU	1997	G. JOHN SAMUEL	INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES, CHENNAI	N/A	காஞ்சியில் அழிக்கப்பட்ட (மறைக்கப்பட்ட) பௌத்த அடையாளங்கள்
36	A SOCIAL HISTORY OF INDIA	2000	S. N. SADASIVAN	APH PUBLISHING CORPORATION	According to historians and researchers this was one of the last surviving Buddhist temples in central Kerala along with Nilamperur Pally Bhagavathy temple (Ilankulam, Ravivarma, Valath, Ajunarayanan, Sugathan, Sadasivan). Both these Buddhist temples were patronized by Pallyvana Perumal, a Chera prince of the 16th century, whose image wasl worshiped in Nilamperur till recently.	ajaysekher.net
37	ESSAYS ON ISLAM AND INDIAN HISTORY	2000	RICHARD EATON	OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS	This book explains that Eaton clearly shows that cases of destruction of places of worship were not restricted to Muslim rulers alone. He recounts numerous instances of Hindu kings having torn down Hindu temples, in addition to Jaina and Buddhist shrines.	Vandalism Sanctified By Scripture
38	THE STRUGGLE FOR EMPIRE: THE HISTORY AND CULTURE OF THE INDIAN PEOPLE	2001	RC MAJUMDAR AND NN DAS GUPTA	BHARATIYA VIDYA BHAVAN	Aacharyas of Tantrik Buddhism flourished in the valley of Kashmir. Also florished Kshemendra who depicted Buddha as avatara of Vishnu	Kashmir Problem Has Origin In Fall Of Buddhism
39	BUDDHARAIN VARALARU	2001	MAYILAI SEENI VENKATASAMI	SANDHYA PUBLICATIONS	In Kumbakaonam Nageswaran thirumanjanaveedhi, there was a buddha statue called bagavarishi. The Nigandu says that Buddha was called by the name Vinayaka. In later periods many Buddha temples were converted as Vinayaka temples.	The desecration of Buddhist temples in South India
40	HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES	2002	HARTMUT SCHARFE	BRILL	In this book it has shown that the Buddha was fighting with forces greater than himself, of which Brahmanism was one.	Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
41	BUDDHISM IN INDIA	2003	GAIL OMVEDT	SAGE INDIA	This book explains that about a religion claiming the kind of ‘tolerance’ which Hinduism does did not allow scope for Buddhism. There seem to have been inherent contradictions between Buddhist and Brahminic teachings, such that one had to drive out the other.	Will Buddhists seek to reclaim monuments destroyed to build Hindu temples?
42	THE BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE OF GANDHARA (HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES/HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK)	2003	KURT A. BEHRENDT	BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS	N/A	Alchon Huns
43	KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT ARCHAEOLOGICAL HANDBOOK	2003	A. K. SESHADRI	TIRUMALA TIRUPATI DEVASTHANAMS, TIRUPATI	N/A	காஞ்சியில் அழிக்கப்பட்ட (மறைக்கப்பட்ட) பௌத்த அடையாளங்கள்
44	BUDDHIST MONASTERIES OF HIMACHAL	2004	OMACANDA HANDA	INDUS PUBLISHING COMPANY	This book shows the famous Kanika (Kanishka) stupa at Sani Monastery in nearby Zangskar. Handa, though, both these images can be dated on stylistic grounds to around the 8th century or a century earlier.	Trilokinath Temple at Tunde
45	GLIMPSES OF WORLD HISTORY	2004	JAWAHARLAL NEHRU	PENGUIN RANDOM HOUSE INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED	The Gupta revival of Aryanism and Hinduism was naturally not very favorably inclined towards Buddhism. This was partly because this movement was aristocratic, with the Kashatriya chiefs backing it, and Buddhism had more democracy in it; partly because the Mahayana form of Buddhism was closely associated with the Kushans and other alien rulers of northern India but Buddhism declined in India Chandragupta the first was a contemporary of Constantine the great, the Roman Emperor who founded Constantinople.	How Shankaracharya destroyed Buddhism in the 8th century
46	TEMPLE DESTRUCTION AND MUSLIM STATES IN MEDIEVAL INDIA	2004	RICHARD EATON	HOPE INDIA, GURUGRAM	N/A	N/A
47	HISTORY OF NEPAL	2005	JOHN WHELPTON	CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS	In this book it has mentioned that there had been a curious intermixture of the two religions with Buddhist priests officiating at the temples of Pashupati (Shiv) and all the four castes following the religion of Buddha	How the Buddhists and Jains were Persecuted in Ancient India.
48	BRAHMIN SASAN VILLAGES AROUND PURI	2005	SARAT CHANDRA MOHAPATRA	ORRISA REVIEW	In this book it has mentioned that the Brahmin Sasan Villages around Puri is a magazine, who wrote on some topics like; Brahmanism, temple destruction etc.	Brahmin Sasan Villages Around PuriSarat Chandra Mohapatra
49	INDIA'S ANCIENT PAST	2006	R.S. SHARMA	OXFORD; EDITION	N/A	Shashanka
50	A HISTORY OF INDIAN BUDDHISM	2007	SR GOYAL	MOTILAL BANARSIDASS	Brahmanas was one of the major causes of the decline of Buddhism in India.	Brahmanist Assault on Buddhists
51	DEMOLISHING MYTHS OR MOSQUES AND TEMPLES?	2008	SUNIL KUMAR	THREE ESSAYS PUBLICATIONS	In this book it has mentioned that the Pandyan ruler SrimaraSrivallabha invaded Sri Lanka around 835 CE and routed the army of the Sinhala king, Sena I, who fled to the mountains. Srimara plundered the royal treasury and took away, among other things, “the statue of the Teacher (Buddha)”	War trophies: When Hindu kings raided temples and abducted idols
52	DIVYAVADANA	2008	PL VAIDYA	WISDOM PUBLICATIONS	This book shows that the shrines which still continue to be dedicated to Hindu gods, mention may be made of the Caityas of Chezrala and Ter in Andhra Pradesh which are now Shiva and Vishnu temples respectively.	Brahmanist Assault on Buddhists
53	TEMPLES OF SOUTH INDIA	2010	K.R. SRINIVASAN	NATIONAL BOOK TRUST	The celebrated Kailasanatha temple was built by Rajasimha (Narasimhavarman Pallava II) and his son Mahendra III. If it is exciting to go into the smaller Shiva temples in Kanchi and wander around watching the sculptures and searching for Jain or Buddhist remains of an earlier era, or to keep gazing at the Buddhist figures in meditation on the higher reaches of an outer wall of a temple, it is an experience of a lifetime to enter the Kailasanatha temple at the periphery of the city.	KanchipuramBy Dr Prema Nandakumar
54	EARLY BUDDHIST TRANSMISSION AND TRADE NETWORKS: MOBILITY AND EXCHANGE WITHIN AND BEYOND THE NORTHWESTERN BORDERLANDS OF SOUTH ASIA	2010	JASON NEELIS	BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS	N/A	Alchon Huns
55	SI-YU-KI: BUDDHIST RECORDS OF THE WESTERN WORLD; V.1	2010	HIUEN TSIANG	KESSINGER PUBLISHING	This book is the collection of Buddhist temples who were occupied or converted into Hindu temples in these locations.	Buddhist remains worshipped in Siva temples in Krishna district
56	BUDDHISM: IN ITS CONNEXION WITH BRAHMANISM AND HINDUISM AND IN ITS CONTRAST WITH CHRISTIANITY (CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION - RELIGION)	2010	MONIER MONIER-WILLIAMS	CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS	This book mentioned that the Hindus who worship lord Krishna in their religion is a personification of buddha	क्या वास्तव में Jagannath Temple बौद्ध बिहार है? : विशेष चर्चा | Waman Meshram |Vilas Kharat | MNTv
57	BUDDHISM IN THE SHADOW OF BRAHMANISM (SERIES:HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES. SECTION 2 SOUTH ASIA, VOLUME: 24)	2011	JOHANNES BRONKHORST	BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS	N/A	Chapter Three. Buddhism Confronted With Brahmanism
58	AYODHYA KISKI?NA RAM KI, NA BABAR KI ('WHOSE AYODHYA? NEITHER RAM'S NOR BABAR'S')	2011	BALWANT SINGH CHARVAK	SAMYAK PRAKASHAN	This books shows that the Brahmin Pushyamitra Sangha murdered the last Mauryan king and came to power over much of northern India [ Images ], he let loose a virtual genocide of Buddhists, destroying many of their temples, including possibly the Buddhist vihar that Charvak claims was built on Lomash Rishi's hermitage	The Dalai Lama and Ayodhya
59	THE FIRST SPRING: THE GOLDEN AGE OF INDIA	2011	ABRAHAM ERALY	PENGUIN INDIA	N/A	Alchon Huns
60	SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN NORTHERN INDIA IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY	2012	B.N.S YADAV	RAKA PRAKASHAN	The Kalacuri King Karna (11th century) destroyed many Buddhist temples and monasteries in Magadha, and the Tibetan text Pag Sam Jon Zang refers to the burning of the library of Nalanda by some ‘Hindu fanatics	How history was made up at Nalanda
61	EVOLUTION OF JAGANNATH CULT	2012	RABINDRA KUMAR BEHURIA	ODISHA REVIEW	There is a legend centring round the incomplete figure of Buddha at Bodhagaya which has similarity with the incomplete image of Jagannatha.At present an image of Buddha at Ellora is called Jagannatha which proves Jagannatha and Buddha are identical.	Srinibash SamalAbout Odisha's Festivals with Story, Temples' History, Story and Architecture
62	TAXILA	2013	JOHN MARSHALL	CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS	Hinduism’s record of violence and bigotry against the peaceful followers of Lord Buddha is unparalleled.	Brahmanist Assault on Buddhists
63	BUDDHISM DECLINED IN INDIA	2013	D. C. AHIR	BR PUBLISHING CORPORATION	In this book it has mentioned that ‘When the Tibetan translator Chag Lotsawa (Chag Lo-tsa-ba, 1197–1264) visited the site in 1235’ he found it damaged and looted, with a 90-year-old teacher, Rahula Shribhadra, instructing a class of about 70 students. During Chag Lotsawa's time there an incursion by Turkish soldiers caused the remaining students to flee. Despite all this, "remnants of the debilitated Buddhist community continued to struggle on under scarce resources until c. 1400 CE when Chagalaraja was reportedly the last king to have patronized Nalanda." considers the destruction of the temples, monasteries, centres of learning at Nalanda and northern India to be responsible for the demise of ancient Indian scientific thought in mathematics, astronomy, alchemy, and anatomy.	Rare Book Society of IndiaDecline and end of NALANDA
64	ASHOKA	2013	CHARLES ALLEN	ABACUS	The Muslims destroyed many Viharas aided by Brahmans, and Brahmanism became dominant. Religious domination is aided by patronage from the Kings.	Jayant Jaipal Singh@jjaipalsinghCharles Allen's book Ashoka provides lots of evidence of destruction of Buddhist Viharas and conversion of Vigaras to temples. Pre Muslim India was largely Buddhist.
65	THE HISTORY OF NORTH-EASTERN INDIA	2013	RAJESH VERMA	MITTAL PUBLICATIONS	This book mentions the 12th century text states that Shashanka destroyed the Buddhist stupas of Bengal and was an oppressor of Buddhism. Shashanka is reputed to have cut the Bodhi tree where the Buddha found enlightenment, in the Mahabodhi Temple of Bodh Gaya.	Shashanka (Wikipedia)
66	THE CULT OF JAGANNATH AND THE REGIONAL TRADITION OF ORISSA (REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION)	2014	GAYA CHARAN TRIPATHI ANNCHARLOTT ESCHMANN, HERMANN KULKE	MANOHAR	The concept of Jagannatha is mysterious and the present paper is a humble attempt to bring to light the buddhist aspect of the deity or to understand the Jagannath cult from buddhist perspective.	Jagannatha: The Supreme God —– Buddhist Connections or Origin
67	LEAVES OF WISDOM	2015	ANN MONIKA MACKENZIE	CREATESPACE INDEPENDENT PUB	The historians like Vincent Smith suggested that it was due to Adi Sankaracharya there wasdecline of Buddhism in India. Others argue that it was due to the Muslim invasion (of Bakhtyar) that Nalanda was routed and the library there was burned and thousands of Buddha viharas were destroyed subsequently.	How Shankaracharya destroyed Buddhism in the 8th century
68	ON THE ORIGIN OF HINDU FESTIVALS IN ESSAYS & LETTERS	2015	BANKIM CHANDRA CHATTOPADHYAY	CREATESPACE INDEPENDENT PUB	This book is a fact greatly in support of the theory, that the images of Jagannath, Balaram, and Subhadra, which now figure in the Rath, are near copies of the representations of Buddha, Dharmma, and Sangha, and appear to have been modelled upon them.	காஞ்சியில் அழிக்கப்பட்ட (மறைக்கப்பட்ட) பௌத்த அடையாளங்கள்
69	HISTORY OF TAMILNADU	2015	DR C. MANORANJITHAMONI	CREATESPACE INDEPENDENT PUBLISHING PLATFORM	N/A	காஞ்சியில் அழிக்கப்பட்ட (மறைக்கப்பட்ட) பௌத்த அடையாளங்கள்
70	LOKAYAT/ CARVACA	2015	PRADEEP P. GOKHALE	OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, NEW DELHI	In this book it has mentioned that the huge Buddhist complex at Nagarjunakonda was destroyed. According to Shankara Dig Vijaya, the newly anointed Brahma-Kshastra kings ordered every Kshatriya to kill every Buddhist young and old and to also kill those who would not kill the Buddhists. A Jain temple at Huli in Karnataka had a statue of five Jinas (Jain heroes) that was re carved into a Shaivite temple with five lingas.	How the Buddhists and Jains were Persecuted in Ancient India.
71	THE CULT OF JAGANNATHA	2016	JOSE CARLOS GOMES DA SILVA	MOTILAL BANARSIDASS	This book relatesthe Jagannathatemple with the Buddhism or we can say his connections with Buddhists.	Jagannatha: The Supreme God —– Buddhist Connections or Origin.
72	AGAINST THE GRAIN: NOTES ON IDENTITY, INTOLERANCE AND HISTORY	2018	DWIJENDRA NARAYAN JHA	MANOHAR PUBLISHERS & DISTRIBUTORS	This book is the collection of a limited survey of the desecration, destruction and appropriation of Buddhist stupas, monasteries, and other structures by Brahminical forces	Buddhist shrines were 'massively destroyed' by Brahmanical rulers: Historian DN Jha
73	HOLY HIMALAYA	2018	E SHERMAN OAKLEY	FORGOTTEN BOOKS	Buddhism had been the prevailing religion of the Himalayas with Badrinath and Kedarnath as Buddhist temples until Shankaracharya (788 -820 AD) usurped them in the 8th century and the shrines at Badri and Kedar were then converted into shrines of Shiv and Vishnu.	How the Buddhists and Jains were Persecuted in Ancient India.
74	TARANATHA’S HISTORY OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA	2018	DEBIPRASAD CHATTOPADHYAYA	MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBL	In this book it has mentioned that in Biharthe targeting of Buddhist monastic establishments at Odantapuri, Vikramasila, and Nalanda. Detached from a Buddhist laity, these establishments had by this time become dependent on the patronage of local royal authorities, with whom they were identified.	Temple desecration in pre-modern India
75	IRAIYANAR AGAPORUL VARALATRU AIVU	2018	SEENI.VENKATASAMY MAYILAI	N/A	In this book it has mentioned that Kamatchi amman temple was a Buddhist temple. There were many Buddha images in this temple. One of the images of Buddha, 6 feet standing statue is now in the Chennai Museum. The statues of Buddha found in the temple tank could not be found now	amazon Mayilai Seeni Venkatasamy
76	BEEF, BRAHMINS, AND BROKEN MEN: AN ANNOTATED CRITICAL SELECTION FROM THE UNTOUCHABLES 2019	2019	B. R. AMBEDKAR	NAVAYANA	In this book it has mentioned that It was to get one step ahead of the Buddhists that the Brahmins gave up beef-eating, Brahmanism, and Buddhism and how it led to the Brahmins first giving up eating beef, and then turning vegetarian.	Why did the Brahmins become vegetarian? B.R. Ambedkar asks in this excerpt from ‘Beef, Brahmins and Broken Men'
77	HISTORY OF EARLY TAMIL NADU	2019	M. MUTHUMARI	PUBLICATION DIVISION	N/A	காஞ்சியில் அழிக்கப்பட்ட (மறைக்கப்பட்ட) பௌத்த அடையாளங்கள்
78	BUDDHA IN GANDHARA	2020	SUNITA DWIVEDI	RUPA PUBLICATIONS INDIA	This was once part of a composite sculpture depicting the victory of the many-armed Durga over Mahisasur, the demon and enemy of the gods. According to explorer-historian Nancy H. Dupree, Durga defeating Mahisasur was a popular cult theme under the Hindu Shahis—the Hindu dynasty ruling over Kabul Valley and Gandhara after having taken over from the Turki Shahis.	How Durga images and sculptures showed up in Ghazni, Afghanistan
79	LORD JAGANNATHA	2021	RABI NARAYAN MOHANTY, SUDESHNA MOHANTY	N/A	In this book it has mentioned that the scholars have made attempt to show the similarity of Jagannatha cult with Buddhism on the basis of literary and archaeological sources. They have put forth the following arguments to justify the Buddhist origin of Lord Jagannatha.	Jagannatha: The Supreme God —– Buddhist Connections or Origin
80	JAIN TEMPLES- PART I -COMPLETE COMPENDIUM-BOOK I	2021	DR. UDAY DOKRAS	INDO NORDICAUTHOR’S COLLECTIVE	Their massacres took place, and the Jain centers were converted into Saiva or Vaisnava temples.	Jain Temples- Part I -Complete Compendium-Book I
81	DIGAMBARA DARSANA	N/A	N/A	N/A	The Jains used to instal the images of their saints in their religious places, a practice which was followed by Brahmins. Hindu temples appeared all over Tamilnadu probably after converting the Jain religious places. The idols of 63 Brahmin Sanyasis, who led destruction of Jainism, still adorn the walls of some Hindu temples in Tamilnadu. The remains of destroyed Jain idols, their abandoned religious and living places are scattered all over Tamilnadu to narrate their story. Frescos depicting the kings of Jains could be seen on the walls near the Golden Tank at Madurai Meenakshi Temple where, of the total 12 annual festivals, five depict the killing of Jains according to Kumaraswamy Iyengar	Hinduism and Talibanism:Did hindus destroyed Buddhist& jain temples?