INTRODUCTION

IMPORTANT TIMELINE

➤ 19 July 2016, The Bill was introduced in Lok Sabha on 19 July 2016 as the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016.[3]

 

➤ 12 August 2016, It was referred to the Joint parliamentary committee on 12 August 2016.[3]

 

➤ 7 January 2019, The Committee submitted its report on 7 January 2019 to Parliament.[3]

 

➤ 08 January, 2019, The Bill was taken into consideration and passed by Lok Sabha, Observing a 12-hour bandh announced by the North East Students Organization (NESO), KMSS and several other organizations, supporters of the bandh took to the streets to protest against the amendment of the controversial Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB). The activists burned tyres, vandalized cars and shouted slogans to save the indigenous “Axomiya Jati” and the ethnic groups of Assam from being affected by the implementation of the controversial Bill.[4]

 

➤ 4 December 2019, The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 was cleared by the Union Cabinet for introduction in the parliament. After the bill was cleared, violent protests erupted in Assam, especially in Guwahati[5], and other areas in the state, In Dispur, several thousands of protesters broke down police barricades to protest in front of the Assam Legislative Assembly building[6].

 

➤ 9 December 2019, The Bill was introduced in 17th Lok Sabha by the Minister of Home Affairs Amit Shah on 9 December 2019.[7]

 

➤ 10 December 2017, The All Arunachal Pradesh Students’ Union (AAPSU) has announced a 12-hour statewide bandh on 10 December, in support of the North East Students’ Organisation’s (NESO) decision to shut down the entire Northeast region, except Nagaland, to protest against the citizen amendment bill (CAB).The bill was passed with 311 members voting in favour and 80 against.[8]

 

➤ 11 December 2019, The bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 11 December 2019 with 125 votes in favour and 105 votes against it. The citizenship amendment bill (CAB), passed by the parliamentary lower house and by the upper house, has faced fierce opposition from indigenous people in the north-eastern states of Assam and Tripura. Two protesters have been shot dead by police in the Indian state of Assam.[9]

 

➤ 12 December 2019, President Ram Nath Kovind on 12 dec 2019, president gave his assent to the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019, turning it into an act. The Army was deployed and an indefinite curfew imposed in Guwahati, mobile internet services were snapped in 10 other districts of Assam, and the Centre rushed additional forces from Jammu and Kashmir to the state following a massive surge in protests against the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill.Akhil Gogoi was taken in preventive custody.[10]

 

➤ 13 December 2019, UK, US, France, Israel and Canada issued travel warnings for their citizens visiting India's north-east region, where the protests were mainly taking place, asking them to "exercise caution".[11]

 

➤ 14 December 2019, Ishwar Nayak (Protester) was killed in police firing at a protest in Assam.[12]

 

➤ 16 December, 2019, A Satyagraha was organised by the All Assam Students' Union across Assam, which would continue till 18 December. A massive rally was taken out at Panitola where more than 15,000 protestors from nearby villages, dressed in traditional attire, walked on National Highway 37 to protest against the contentious Act. Protesters raised slogans against the BJP government and rejected the Act in a unified voice.[13]

 

➤ 18 December, 2019, The Supreme Court of India heard 60 petitions challenging the Act and declined to stay implementation of CAA. 22 January 2020 was set as the next date of hearing on the constitutional validity of the act. India‘s Supreme Court has postponed hearing pleas challenging the constitutionality of a new citizenship law critics say violates the country’s secular constitution and has sparked massive protests. The court on Wednesday asked the federal government to respond to a batch of petitions challenging the amendment to a 1955 citizenship law and said it will hear the case next on January 22.[14]

 

➤ 19 December, 2019,State industry minister Chandra Mohan Patwary said Popular Front of India’s state unit chief Aminul Haque has been arrested in connection with involvement in the attack on the Dispur secretariat (Janata Bhawan) on December 11. The minister also said curb on mobile internet will continue for some time as the situation is not yet congenial for restoration of the services.[15]

 

➤ 23 December, 2019, Dibrugarh police arrested 55 people for involvement in acts of violence in the district during protests against the Amendment.[16]

 

➤ 24 December, 2019, Nearly 50,000 people from different walks of life, including students, youths, women and specially-abled people, assembled at Chowkidingee Field in Dibrugarh. The protest, ‘Janatar Gorjon’ (Public Roar), was organised by All Assam Students Union (AASU) and 30 ethnic organisations of the state.[17]

 

➤ 08 January2020, PM Modi cancelled his visit to Assam, while the CAA protests continue. AASU had planned huge protests during Modi's visit. Thousands of people joined the anti-CAA protests at Dibrugarh, Guwahati and other parts of Assam.[18]

 

➤ 09 January2020, Asom Jatiyatabadi Yuba Chatra Parishad (AJYCP) along with All Assam Students’ Union (AASU), the Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti (KMSS) and 30 other organisations and artist communities organised protests against CAA in Guwahati. They demanded "corruption-free, foreigner-free, terrorism-free and pollution-free Assam" from the Chief Minister of Assam, Sarbananda Sonowal rather than implementing CAA-NRC.[19]

 

➤ 11 January2020, Pradyot Manikya Debbarma, the royal scion of the Manikya dynasty, led the largest protest in Tripura as of 11 January 2020 consisting of thousands of people. Debbarma stated that beneficiaries of CAA will not be allowed to settle in Tripura. He added that the state has already accommodated many migrants from East Pakistan and further immigration due to CAA will endanger the threatened indigenous residents of Tripura.[20]

 

➤ 22 January, 2020, Thousands of students from 9 universities in North-East India boycott classes and join protest march in the states of Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh. Some organisations file a petition on against CAA in The Supreme Court "The government seems to be in a hurry. The Supreme Court is hearing our petitions challenging the Act on January 22 but the government could not wait for that and notified the Act. We are not accepting it anyway,".144 CAA related petitions scheduled for hearing in the Supreme Court of India were brought up. CJI Sharad A. Bobde had led the three-judge bench. The court gave notice to the government on the petitions and allowed one month to respond in the next hearing in February. The Supreme Court also segregated the case of Assam and Tripura considering the fact of cross-border infiltration and assured of looking into the matter separately.[21]

 

➤ 20 March, 2021, The All Assam students’ Union (AASU) has announced a mega statewide anti-CAA (Citizenship Amendment Act) protest on March 20.“On March 20, all AASU activists would take part in the mega anti-CAA protest, which would take place across Assam,” this mega anti-CAA protest would be held on March 20, just a week before the first phase of Assam Assembly elections.[22]

 

➤ 20 May, 2020, the Supreme Court turned its attention to the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (‘CAA’) for the first time since January. In a brief hearing, it declined the Muslim Students Federation’s (‘MSF’) application to stay the operation of the CAA in Assam.[23]

 

➤ 17 August, 2022, After a gap of over two years, protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) resumed across Assam on Monday. Protests by members of the All Assam Students' Union (AASU), a part of the North East Students' Organisation (NESO), was held in all the district headquarters of the state amid heavy security arrangements. In Guwahati, the protests were held outside the 'Swahid Bhawan', the AASU headquarters.[24]

 

➤ 6 December, 2022, After 3 years since it came into being leading to nationwide protests and subsequent disturbances, the petitions challenging Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 will be heard by the Supreme Court from December 6 onwards, The top court has also asked the state governments of Assam and Tripura to separately file their responses within two weeks in the matters that specifically concern them.[25]

INVOLVED ORGANISATIONS

1. Aam Aadmi Party

2. All Arunachal Pradesh Students Union (AAPSU)

3. All Adivasi Students Association Of Assam

4. All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad

5. All Assam Karbi Students Union

6. All Assam Law Students Union

7. All Assam Students Union (AASU)

8. All India Democratic Womens Association (AIDWA)

9. All Kamrup District Students Union

10. All Manipur Students Union (AMSU)

11. All Moran Students Organisation

12. All Tai Ahom Students Union

13. All Tiwa Protection Committee (ATPC)

14. All Tiwa Students Union (ATSU)

15. All Tiwa Women Association (ATWA)

16. Asam Chah Mazdoor Sangha (ACMS)

17. Assam Jatiya Parishad

18. Asom Gana Parishad (AJP)

19. Asom Jatiyatabadi Yuba Chatra Parishad

20. Asom Moran Sabha

21. Asom Sangrami Mancha

22. Asom Sangrami Yuba Chatra Santha

23. Assam Association Of North America

24. Assam Chah Karmachari Sangha (ACKS)

25. Assam College Teachers Association

26. Assam Pradesh Congress Committee

27. Assam Tea Tribes Students Association (ATTSA)

28. Asom Sahitya Sabha

29. Barpeta Poets Association

30. Birudhi Oikya Mancha

31. Centre Of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)

32. All Assam Chutia Students Union

33. Claremont College Committee For South Asian Voices

34. Columbia University South Asian Organization

35. Cotton College Students’ Union

36. Dibrugarh University Students’ Union

37. Garo Students’ Union

38. Gauhati High Court Bar Association

39. Gauhati University Students Union

40. Goria-Moria Yuba Chatra Parishad

41. All Assam Gorkha Students Union

42. Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA)

43. Janata Dal (S)

44. Khasi Students’ Union (KSU)

45. Krishak Mukti Sangram Samity (KMSS)

46. Luit – The Assamese Society In Pune

47. Manab Adhikar Sangram Samiti (MASS)

48. Missing Students’ Union

49. Mizo Zirlai Pawl (MZP)

50. Mizoram University Students' Council (MUSC)

51. Naga Students’ Federation

52. National People’s Party

53. National Students Union Of India (NSUI)

54. Nationalist Congress Party

55. Nehu Assam Students' Association

56. North East Students’ Organisation (NESO)

57. Raijor Dal

58. Rashtriya Seva Dal

59. Sadou Asam Karmachari Parishad (SAKP)

60. Sikhs At Yale University

61. Silpi Samaj, Assam

62. Srimanta Sankardev Sangha

63. Swaraj Abhiyan Party

64. Tata Institute Of Social Sciences

65. Tezpur University Students’ Council

66. Indigenous Forum Assam

67. Tiwa Cultural Society (TCS)

68. Tiwa Yuba Chatra Parishad (TYCP)

69. All India Trinamool Congress

70. Twipra Students’ Federation

71. Veer Lachit Sena

72. World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)

73. Yale College South Asian Society

74. Youth Body Of The Scheduled Caste Community

75. All India Students Association (AISA)

76. All India United Democratic Front

77. All India Students’ Federation (AISF)

78. Communist Party Of India (CPI)

79. Communist Party Of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation

80. Communist Party Of India (Marxist)

81. Revolutionary Communist Centre

82. Revolutionary Communist Party Of India

83. Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

84. Student Federation Of India's (SFI)

85. United Liberation Front Of Assam (ULFA)

86. Campus Front Of India (CFI)

87. Popular Front Of India (PFI)

88. Brown University Muslim Students Association

89. Indian American Muslim Council (IAMC)

90. Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)

91. Jamaatul Bangladesh (JMB)

92. Muslim Students Federation’s (MSF)

93. All Assam Minority Students’ Union (AAMSU)

94. Jamiat Ulema-E-Hind

95. All Manipur United Club Organisation (AMUCO)

96. Joint Committee on Inner Line Permit System (JCILPS)

97. Protection and Preservation Committee, Manipur (PPCM)

98. Manipur People Against Citizenship Amendment Bill (MANPAC)

99. North East Forum for Indigenous People (NEFIP) 

INVOLVED INDIVIDUALS

1. Abdul Hakim

2. Abul Kalam Azad

3. Akhil Gogoi

4. Aminul Islam

5. Azizur Rahman

6. Badruddin Ajmal

7. Barsharani Bishoya

8. Basab Kalita

9. Bedanta Laskar

10. Bittu Sonowal

11. Colin Gonsalves

12. Debabrata Saikia

13. Dhanmoni Dutta

14. Dharmashing Bordoloi

15. Dhirjya Konwar

16. Dikshu Sarma

17. Dilip Bordoloi

18. Dipankar Kumar

19. Harish Rawat

20. Hasina Ahmed

21. Hiren Gohain

22. Isfaqur Rahman

23. Jayanta Kumar Bhattacharjya

24. Jintu Thakuria

25. Jitu Neog

26. Jul Khound

27. Junjunali Mithi

28. Kamala Gogoi

29. Kamrul Islam

30. Karuna Sagar Das

31. Kon Gogoi

32. Kumar Deepak Das

33. Kusum Kailash

34. Lurinjyoti Gogoi

35. Manas Konwar

36. Meje Taku

37. Milon Buragohain

38. Mofazzul Hossain

39. Niloy Chaliya

40. Nirab Jyoti Dutta

41. Nirangkush Nath

42. Niranjan Mahanta

43. Nur Ahmed

44. Palash Changmai

45. Phukan Karkh

46. Prasenjit Lahon

47. Pratap Moran

48. Priyabrat Gohain

49. Pulok Jyoti Borah

50. Raju Phukan

51. Rasel Hussain

52. Ravi Sarma

53. Rhituporna Konwar

54. Ripon Bora

55. Samujjal Bhattacharya

56. Sangita Das

57. Sejoy Deuri

58. Shajahan Ali

59. Shankar Jyoti Baruah

60. Shrinkhal Chaliha

61. Sudipta Nayan Goswami

62. Surajit Moran

63. Surjya Bhuyan

64. Tomal Gupta

65. Umar Khalid

66. Upen Kalita

67. Yogendra Yadav

IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES ON ANTI-CITIZENSHIP AMENDMENT ACT

• The All Assam Students Union (AASU) and its 28 ally organizations representing various ethnic communities of the State today announced a series of agitational programmes demanding scrapping of the controversial Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016, The agitation will begin with a central mass Satyagraha at Latasil playground in the city on June 29, 2010. There will be Satyagrahas and protests in every district and the schedules will be fixed by the district units in consultation with the central committee.[26]
• The Assam Police official said that the PFI leaders had been extensively using cyber space to provoke the people to defy the government and to divide society on religious lines and obstruct the government in the execution of its policies. The PFI leaders, according to the police official, are organizing protests on such issues in very communally sensitive areas like Badarpur, Karimganj, Barpeta, Baksa, Kamrup (Rural), Goalpara and Kamrup (Metro) districts. (IANS).[27]
• The Coordination Committee Against CAA held a memorial meeting at Lakhidhar Bora Khetra, Guwahati, on the third death anniversary of the state’s five youths who died during the statewide protests against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019. Several other organisations held meetings and demonstrations to reiterate the demand for repealing it .[28]
• Isfaqur Rahman, a CPI(M) central committee member and part of the secretariat of the party’s Assam committee Asked, “We don’t want an NRC at the national level. But in Assam, the NRC was a collective mandate in accordance with the Assam Accord. The constitutional provisions of challenging and applying for citizenship for people whose names were absent in the NRC have to be implemented properly through the FT (Foreigners Tribunal). But 200 officials from the FTs in Assam were sacked. What is the government’s motive?”.[28]
• Political activist Yogendra Yadav hailed the “significant role” of Assam during the anti-CAA movement in 2019 and said the state will have to take the lead role if the democratic movement against the contentious law were to be revived. He also added: “That is why those who believe in the Constitution should be ready for another peaceful and democratic struggle against the law. And if there is a second struggle, Assam will have to take the lead role as in the past.”[29]
• Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, leader of Congress in Lok Sabha, courted yet controversy by calling Assam ‘the new Kashmir’. He gave this statement after protests engulfed entire Northeast, especially Assam.[30]
• The Bhubaneswar Assam Society staged an anti-Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019 protest at Lower PMG in Bhubaneswar, the state capital city of Odisha. More than hundreds of people from the Northeast, staying in Odisha, participated in the democratic protest against the Citizens Amendment Act (CAA), 2019.[31]
• LUIT member and protest organiser Bidyut Saikia, laid out what he claims is the stand the Assamese in Pune are taking on the controversial act.PUNE, 'LUIT – The Assamese Society in Pune', held its protest against the Citizens Amendment Act (CAA) at the Chhatrapati Sambhaji Garden on Jangli Maharaj road.[32]
• The Asom Chah Mazdoor Sangha (ACMS) and All Assam Tea Tribe Student Association (ATTSA) jointly staged a massive protest against the contentious amendment of the Citizenship Act at Chaulkhuwa in Dibrugarh district of Assam, former Congress MP, Paban Singh Ghatowar, is leading the charge against the CAA at the protest.[33]
• The Nagaon Baptist Church feels that the CAA is a threat to Assamese ethnicity and language. As such it has decided to curtail the Christmas celebrations this year. However, this year all these programmes have been cancelled in protest against the CAA.[34]
• Former general secretary of Cotton College Students’ Union Jintu Thakuria said, “We want to name this anti-CAA protest as the protest to save the pride of the tribes. In this protest we’ve lost five people. The government actually killed five innocent people. We’ve organized this Shradhanjali to pay our respects and tribute to the five martyrs. From the premise of Cotton University we demand the government to not to do any politics of Rs 2 or 3 lakh but to pay necessary compensation. We also demand necessary actions to ensure the remembrance of the martyrs.”[35]
• The All Assam Law Students’ Union demonstrated with the Nagarik Samaj against the CAA (Citizenship Amendment Act) at Guwahati Club along with the demand to release Shrinkhal Chaliha, Amitabh Sarma, Dharya Konwar and Akhil Gogoi, AJYCP general secretary Palash Changmai said, “On behalf of the AJYCP I appeal for release of those arrested in the anti-CAA protest. Each one of us should protest against government’s act of backstabbing to mute the voice of protestors. If we minutely observe this movement we’ll see that from time to time the government has been trying to tag this movement with different nature.”[36]
• Hundreds of people from various walks of life participating in the ‘Ranasinga’ (war bugle) programme at the Sahityarathi Rasaraj Lakshminath Bezbaruah Chowk, Guwahati Club here on Thursday, played various ethnic musical instruments to express their staunch opposition to the new CAA (Citizenship Amendment Act). The Statewide programme was organized by the AASU (All Assam Students’ Union) along with 30 ethnic organizations.[37]
• Thousands of students in Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh abstained from attend classes with some taking part in demonstrations and sit-in hunger strike as a show of solidarity to the protests taking place in the region against CAA since December 2019, The universities included in the total shutdown are Gauhati University, Cotton University, North Eastern Hill University, Dibrugarh University, Tezpur University, Assam Women University, Nagaland University, Rajiv Gandhi University, Assam Agricultural University and North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology.[38]
• Thousands of people, leaders and workers participated in the rally. The protest rally started from Latasil playground to Assam Engineering Institute field at Chandmari in the state capital. Besides students organisations, several ethnic and tribal groups, prominent artists, singers had also took part in the rally. The All Assam Students' Union (AASU) and 28 other organisations, representing various ethnic and tribal communities took out a protest rally today against the Citizenship (Ammendment) Bill, 2016 in Guwahati. The protest is done on Jun 30, 2018.[39]
• Assembly elections in the State are due in April-May 2021. The AASU, along with 29 organisations of different ethnic communities, the AJYCP and the Silpi Samaj, Assam, a banner organisation of artistes, has been organising joint protest rallies across the State demanding withdrawal of the CAA. Opposition parties and other organisations such as the Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti (KMSS) are also organized rallies in protest against the CAA.[40]
• The All Assam Students’ Union (AASU) warned the BJP-led governments at the Centre and in the state against trying to settle Hindu Bangladeshis who had arrived after 1971, and said these groups would not allow any such “conspiracy” to reduce the indigenous communities into a minority, through CAA.[41]
• The Centre of Indian Trade Union (CITU) expressing their objection today, staged a massive protest against the BJP-led Government in various districts of Assam. As alleged by the members of the CITU claimed that “the Government of India is manipulating the existing labour welfare laws with new laws, thus, pushing them back into darkness”. The union bodies further alleged that the BJP-led Central Government is playing a major conspiracy of handing over oil companies to private players in the nation.[42]
• The All India Students’ Federation (AISF) and the Students’ Federation of India (SFI) took out a procession from Latasil playground to Gauhati Club in Guwahati in protest against the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019. The two Left students’ organizations termed the Bill divisive that is out to drive a wedge in Assam. They said that the Bill goes against the interests of Assam. Some 200 students from Barak and Brahmaputra Valleys rent the air by shouting slogans against the Bill.[43]
• Thousands of activists of Lakhimpur district on unit of All Assam Students’ Union (AASU) and 30 ethnic organizations of the State rocked Lakhimpur, initiating massive protest on 21 Nov 2019 evening against the contentious Citizenship (Amendment) Bill. Regarding the issue, the activists of the organizations took out a torch rally demanding not to pass the controversial Bill in the ongoing Parliament session and to scrap the Bill immediately.[44]
• Demanding the repeal of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and release of Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti (KMSS) leader Akhil Gogoi a human chain protest was launched by the district committee of Chatra Mukti Sangram Samiti (CMSS) at Abhayapuri in Bongaigaon.[45]
• Thousands of protesters, including relatives of Assam Agitation martyrs, decided not to celebrate Rongali Bihu until the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) is scrapped, while taking part in a 50km human chain on the Phillobari-Doomdooma-Jagun link road in Upper Assam’s Tinsukia district.People, including women, held hands and shouted slogans to express solidarity and support to the movement against CAA.[46]
• Members of the All Assam Students' Union, continuing its series of protests against the amendment of the Citizenship Act, on February, 2020 formed a 'human-chain' in Tinsukia's AT Road that was attended by several hundred sons and daughters of Assamese soil. In Lakhimpur too, the AASU, along with 30 indigenous bodies, staged a similar protest.[47]
• Demanding to release Gogoi The human chains were formed and demonstrated at Dibrugarh, Lakhimpur, Nagaon, Baksa, Dhubri, Goalpara, Darrang, Barpeta, Sonitpur, Hailakandi, Cachar, Charaideu and Tinsukia.[48]
• Members of the organization formed a human chain near the Jorhat Court in protest against several issues including price rise, assault and murder of journalists. The Mancha was supported by several political organisations like Congress, CPI (M), Raijor Dal, Assam Jatiya Parishad and other organisations like KMSS, MASS, AJYCP and ATASU.[49]
• The activists of the Jorhat district units of AASU and AJYCP along with members and supporters of 30 allied organisations staged a demonstration at Jorhat in protest against the CAA. The protest was held in front of the Jorhat deputy commissioner’s office. The protesters shouted slogans against central and state leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), including Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Assam chief minister Sarbananda Sonowal and finance minister Himanta Biswa Sarma.[50]
• The voices against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) 2019 get louder in Assam’s Dhemaji district on 8 jan 2020 as the AASU, AJYCP, and KMSS have intensified the anti-CAA movement. The All Assam Students Union (AASU), Asom Jatiytabadi Yuba Chatra Parishad (AJYCP) and Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti (KMSS) and other anti-CAA groups have pledged to continue the stir until the Centre scrapes the Act or exclude Assam from its purview. The AJYCP will also organize another mass rally at Dhemaji town on January 9 2020.[51]
• Thousands of people participated in a rally on January 6, 2020 to protest against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) at Titabar town in Assam’s Jorhat district. The protesters, holding banners and placards against the amended Citizenship Act, chanted slogans against the BJP-led Central and State Governments and also against BJP leaders in Delhi and Dispur.[52]
• Police has resorted to lathi-charge on AASU activists in at Tezpur in Assam on January 22, 2021. The incident took place at a time when thousands of AASU protestors took out a torch rally in the city against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). Meanwhile, condemning the action of the police AASU has announce a Sonitpur shutdown.[53]
• With the completion of one year of the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, the All Assam Students' Union (AASU), Sonitpur District Committee, supported by other indigenous organizations, launched the Gana Hunkar programme against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 on 12 dec 2020 at Tezpur Court Chariali, demanding the repeal of the Act.[54]
• The Indian American Muslim Council (IAMC) has condemned the brutal crackdown on students protesting the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the upcoming nationwide exercise along the lines of Assam’s National Register of Citizens (NRC).In a statement released on December 19 2019, the IAMC says;“Earlier this month, India took a major step backwards to officially marginalize India’s Muslims as Parliament passed a Citizenship Amendment Bill (“CAB”), now the Citizenship Amendment Act (“CAA”), that makes religion a criterion for nationality for the first time. The act would give migrants of all of South Asia’s major religions — except Islam — a clear path to Indian citizenship. It is the most significant move yet to profoundly alter India’s secular nature enshrined by its founding leaders when the country gained independence in 1947. The law solidifies Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu-nationalist agenda.”[55]
• The traditional Assamese 'gamocha' is a veritable symbol of pride for the state, but of late this sartorial heritage has also become a scroll of protest for people agitating against the amended citizenship law.In protest marches, men and women, young and old could be seen either wearing the 'gamocha' around the neck or holding it in the air bearing the message --'No CAA' and 'Jai Ai Ahom' in English or Assamese or mixed, Two people had held out 'gamochas' in the air bearing slogans. One was carried by a Hatigaon resident which said "No CAA", while another was held by a Christian Basti local which said "Swahid Pranam Tomak (Martyr! We salute you)".[56]
• Amid nationwide lockdown, two female students of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) have been arrested in connection with their alleged role in the anti- Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) sit-in protest at Jaffrabad in North East Delhi in February 2020, Both Devangana and Natasha are from assam.[57]
• Protest against the contentious Citizenship Amendment Act continued on Dec 22, 2019 with the opposition Congress kicking off an 800-km long 'Padyatra' from Sadiya to Dhubri.[58]
• Several students’ organisations in the northeastern states staged a three-hour-long demonstration on 19 August 2022 in all the state capitals of the region, reiterating their demand to scrap the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA). They also demanded that Inner Line Permit (ILP) system be introduced in the entire region. The protests were staged in Aizawl, Kohima, Shillong, Agartala and Guwahati, the capitals of Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Assam, respectively.[59]
• The Biswanath Chariali branch of Axam Xahitya Xabha (AXX) held a protest on Wednesday in front of Sahitya Sabha Bhavan in Biswanath district against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) in association with Biswanath Chariali Kavi Chakra. The literary body observed an hour-long silent protest on the occasion. The program was attended by its president Kamal Chandra Bhuyan, former president Jagat Borah, AJYCP advisor Nasir Ahmed, and other dignitaries.[60]
• The Srimanta Sankardev Sangha, Dhansiri district branch took out a protest rally against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019. The agitators rent the air with various slogans. Over 500 people walked out to register their protest against the CAA in front of the office of the Subdivisional officer at Sarupathar under Dhansiri subdivision in Golaghat district. The agitators demanded that the CAA should be scrapped.[61]
• 5,000 people participated in an anti-Citizenship Amendment Act protest on 22 jan 2020, demanding “unconditional” withdrawal of the “contentious” law at Bhella in the Barpeta district, about 90km from here.The protest was organised by common people of Bhella who fear that the CAA poses a threat to the identity of Assamese people and will influence the cultural and demographic characteristics.[62]
• Shrinkhal Chaliha is the leader of one of several Assamese groups which have been leading a string of fiery protests against the controversial Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA). Chaliha, the organising secretary of Veer Lachit Sena, is among the redical influential leader who were detained, arrested and jailed during the protests.[63]
• Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sarma on 28 September 2022 stated that leaders and members of Popular Front of India (PFI) and Campus Front of India (CFI) were found involved in the violence that took place during the anti-CAA agitations as well as the eviction drive in Assam, The groups were accused of having links with ISIS and Jamaatul Bangladesh (JMB).[64]
• Organisations from across the country have decided to fight the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA), the National Population Register (NPR) and the National Register of Citizens (NRC) under one banner – “We the People of India" (Hum Bharat ke log hain). Yogendra Yadav, the founder of Swaraj Abhiyan Party, along with Rashtriya Seva Dal President Ganesh Devi, student leader Kanhaiya Kumar, Umar Khalid and human rights activists Harsh Mander, Megha Patkar and Assam’s Arup Borbora were present in a meeting held at TISS, Mumbaui on Dec 31, 2019.[65]
• CFI National Committee member Karimul Bari from Assam said that they will take all the necessary steps to stop National Population Register (NPR) in their state as they are doing with NRC and Citizenship Act. He urged the protesters to make everyone aware of NPR which he said was " equally="" dangerous"="" and="" a="" back="" door="" plan="" of="" the="" government,="" just="" like="" nrc.>

IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON ANTI-CITIZENSHIP AMENDMENT ACT

• Former President of NEHU Assam Students' Association, Partha Pratim Medhi raised the CAA protests and other issues of Assam at the UN stage in Geneva.It is probably the first time the issue of ILP has been raised in the international platform like United Nation.[66]
• The Assam Association of North America has written a letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressing concern over the recently-passed Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019. Assamese people, living in America and London, have also registered protests against the CAA, 2019. As massive protests against the CAA continue in different parts of India, mainly in Assam, the association has urged the PM to fully implement the Assam Accord which was signed in 1985, without any delay, The association demanded that the National Register of Citizens (NRC), the final list of which was published on August 31 2019, be updated with necessary corrections to enable complete implementation of the Assam Accord.[67]
• Student organisations in the United States wrote a letter to the US Congress on Saturday against the Citizenship Amendment Act passed by the Indian Parliament on December 11 2019. They called the Act “illegal and unconstitutional” and said it was aimed at explicitly enshrining religious discrimination into law.[68]
• The organisations said that the National Register of Citizens, which was rolled out in Assam, will strip hundreds of thousands of Muslims in Assam of their citizenship. “Those who are not listed on the registry can be put in mass detention camps and made stateless persons,”, with 3,000 detentions in the state of Assam alone, where 329 people were arrested. On a single day – December 19 – the authorities confirmed 1,200 people had been detained in Delhi.” “Some of the student organisations that signed the letter were the Yale College South Asian Society, Columbia University South Asian Organization, Sikhs at Yale University, Brown University Muslim Students Association and Claremont College Committee for South Asian Voices.”[69]
• “Students at work, country under construction” read one of the banners held by a group of protesting students in front of the Indian Embassy in Tel Aviv earlier on dec 28, 2019. The demonstrators included Masters, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral research fellows from leading Israeli research institutes such as Tel Aviv University, Weizmann Institute of Science and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The earliest resistance to the act came from the northeastern states of India, including Assam and Tripura.[69]
• Nearly 400 students from 19 universities across the United States, including Harvard, Yale, Stanford and Columbia, have signed a statement, Other reputed universities whose students signed the statement include MIT, Cornell, University of California, Berkeley and University of Illinois. The students also “condemn” the use of violence against protestors in Assam where five people were killed, including two minor boys who were shot by the police.[70]
• Advocating "one India, one people and nation", a large number of Indian-Americans gathered around the statue of Mahatma Gandhi installed in front of the Indian Embassy here and held a demonstration against the amended Citizenship Act and the proposed National Register of Citizens (NRC).The Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) was signed into law earlier december 2019. The NRC exercise was conducted only in Assam on the directions of the Supreme Court.[71]
• People of the Assamese community in London was joined by other Indians to protest against the amended Citizenship Act outside the Indian High Commission. "All Assamese are united against the law and we are also in solidarity with them. We cannot accept a law that threatens our language and culture," said an Assamese research student of London School of Economics (LSE).[72]
• The protest against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act has reached the United Nations Conference, with the anti-CAA Protesters in Geneva holding up banners decrying the allegedly "communal act". Moreover, at a recent convention, World Organisation against Torture decried the treatment meted out to Akhil Gogoi and other anti-CAA protesters by the Government.[73]
• World Organisation against Torture(OMCT) alleged on Indian Goverment that “Indian govt. treated social activist as a terrorist, like; Akhil Gogoi, Chandrasekhar Azad has been treated as terrorists in India” World Organisation Against Torture(OMCT) has tagged RSS as Communal and terrorists. OMCT also alleged that RSS-influences Indian Government tortures human rights activist.[74]

IMPORTANT OBSERVATION

IMPORTANT NEWS

REFERENCE LINK

[1] Sinha, B. (2021, January 8). Akhil Gogoi-led “violent mob brushed aside noble concept of Satyagraha” - Gauhati High Court. ThePrint, https://theprint.in/judiciary/akhil-gogoi-led-violent-mob-brushed-aside-noble-concept-of-satyagraha-gauhati-high-court/582233/.

[2] Jain, R. (2021, September 28). Delhi riots evidently pre-planned, not spur of the moment: High court. BOOM, https://www.boomlive.in/law/delhi-high-court-communal-riots-bail-ratan-lal-murder-14884.

[3] Explained: Why the citizenship amendment bill is dead, for now. The Indian Express. (2019, February 13), https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-why-the-citizenship-amendment-bill-is-dead-for-now-5582573/.

[4] Overzealous protestors take to the streets as Bandh casts shadow over State. India Today NE. (2022, June 28), https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/overzealous-protestors-take-streets-bandh-casts-shadow-over-state-392860-2019-01-08.

[5] Controversial citizenship (amendment) bill to be tabled in Lok Sabha on Monday. The Wire. (n.d.), https://thewire.in/government/citizenship-amendment-bill-to-be-tabled-in-lok-sabha-on-monday.

[6] Sitlhou, M. (2019, December 10). In India’s northeast, protesters rally against citizenship bill. Al Jazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/10/in-indias-northeast-protesters-rally-against-citizenship-bill/.

[7] Citizenship Bill gets Lok Sabha nod, Rajya Sabha test next. (n.d.), https://liveupdates.hindustantimes.com/india/parliament-winter-session-live-updates-citizenship-amendment-bill-in-lok-sabha-21575867624874.html.

[8] AAPSU announces statewide bandh on 10 Dec. The Arunachal Times. (2019, December 8), https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2019/12/09/aapsu-announces-statewide-bandh-on-10-dec/.

[9] Guardian News and Media. (2019, December 12). Two shot dead in Indian protests over citizenship bill. The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/12/indian-police-fire-teargas-at-citizenship-bill-protesters.

[10] Saha, A. (2019, December 12). Curfew after violence, Arson Rock Assam during anti-CAB protests. The Indian Express, https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/curfew-after-violence-arson-rock-assam-during-anti-cab-protests-6162690/.

[11] Travel Alert for U.S. Citizens: Protests in Northeastern States. Technical difficulties. (n.d.), https://in.usembassy.gov/travel-alert-for-u-s-citizens-protests-in-northeastern-states-121319/.

[12] Quint, T. (2019, December 17). CAA protests rage on: Over 350 arrested in Bengal, 21in Aligarh. TheQuint, https://www.thequint.com/news/india/citizenship-amendment-bill-act-protests-north-east-assam-guwahati-tripura-west-bengal-live-updates.

[13] Kalantri, R. (2021, June 28). Assam: Thousands hit Tinsukia Streets against CAA, markets closed. EastMojo, https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2019/12/17/assam-thousands-hit-tinsukia-streets-against-caa-markets-closed/.

[14] Al Jazeera. (2019, December 18). India top court refuses to stop Citizenship Law’s implementation, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/18/india-top-court-refuses-to-stop-citizenship-laws-implementation.

[15] Ban on mobile net to continuefor sometime: Assam minister. The Economic Times. (n.d.), https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ban-on-mobile-net-to-continue-for-sometime-assam-minister/articleshow/72879019.cmsutm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst.

[16] Standard, B. (2019, December 23). Anti-CAA protests: Dibrugarh police arrests 55 people. Business Standard, https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/anti-caa-protests-dibrugarh-police-arrests-55-people-119122301416_1.html.

[17] NewsDesk, T. (2019, December 24). Anti-CAA protests Rock Dibrugarh, Tezpur in Assam. The News Mill, https://thenewsmill.com/2019/12/anti-caa-protests-rock-dibrugarh-tezpur-in-assam/.

[18] K, P. (n.d.). PM skips assam trip to open student games after Intel alert. The New Indian Express, https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/Jan/08/amidst-anti-caa-protests-narendra-modis-assam-visit-cancelled-2086899.html.

[19] Reporter, A. S. (2020a, January 8). Protests unabated across Assam. Citizenship (Amendment) Act | Protests unabated across Assam - Telegraph India, https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/protests-unabated-across-assam/cid/1734119.

[20] “no space to accommodate any more”: Tripura royal scion on citizenship. www.ndtv.com. (2020, January 12), https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/no-space-to-accommodate-any-more-tripuras-pradyot-manikya-debbarma-on-citizenship-act-2162788.

[21] Prabin Kalita / TNN / Updated: Jan 12, 2020. (n.d.). Protests intensify in Assam After Centre notifies CAA: India News - Times of India. The Times of India, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/protests-intensify-in-assam-after-centre-notifies-caa/articleshow/73209373.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst.

[22] News, N. N. (2021, November 11). Assam: Aasu announces Mega Statewide anti-CAA protest on March 20. NorthEast Now, https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-aasu-announces-mega-statewide-anti-caa-protest-on-march-20.html.

[23] CAA: Stay application declined. Supreme Court Observer. (2022, September 12), https://www.scobserver.in/reports/caa-stay-application-declined/.

[24] Anti-CAA protests erupt again in Assam as AASU hits the streets. Zee News. (n.d.), https://zeenews.india.com/india/anti-caa-protests-erupt-again-in-assam-as-aasu-hits-the-streets-2498308.html.

[25] Sc to hear petitions against CAA on December 6, Centre asks for dismissal. Outlook India. (2024, January 18), https://www.outlookindia.com/national/sc-to-hear-petitions-against-caa-on-december-6-centre-asks-for-dismissal-news-233707.

[26] Reporter, S. (2010, September 15). Mass Satyagraha planned on June 29. The Assam Tribune, https://assamtribune.com/mass-satyagraha-planned-on-june-29?infinitescroll=1.

[27] Migrator. (n.d.). Minister Pijush Hazarika alleges PFI behind violence in anti-CAA Protest. The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People, https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/minister-pijush-hazarika-alleges-pfi-behind-violence-in-anti-caa-protest-637241.

[28] Left, other parties commemorate 3rd death anniversary of 5 anti-CAA Assamese protesters. NewsClick. (n.d.-a), https://www.newsclick.in/left-parties-commemorate-3-death-anniversary-5-anti-CAA-assamese-protesters.

[29] Jaiswal, U. (2022, December 12). Political activist praises Assam’s role in CAA Protest. CAA protest | Political activist praises Assam’s role in CAA protest - Telegraph India, https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/political-activist-praises-assams-role-in-caa-protest/cid/1903531.

[30] CAA protests: Congress’ Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury Sparks controversy, calls assam “New Kashmir.” Latest News by Times now News. (n.d.), https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/caa-protests-congress-adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-sparks-controversy-calls-assam-new-kashmir/527517.

[31] News, N. N. (2021b, November 11). People from assam stage anti-CAA protest in Bhubaneswar. NorthEast Now, https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/people-from-assam-stage-anti-caa-protest-in-bhubaneswar.html.

[32] We will fight till CAA is withdrawn: Member, assamese society in Pune. Hindustan Times. (2019, December 20), https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/we-will-fight-till-the-end-to-get-caa-withdrawn-says-member-assamese-society-in-pune/story-IyyMswJaUgvuEPnfitiIJL.html.

[33] Assam tea-tribe bodies stage protest in Dibrugarh against CAA. India Today NE. (2022a, June 28), https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-tea-tribe-bodies-stage-protest-dibrugarh-against-caa-408565-2019-12-23.

[34] News, N. N. (2021b, November 11). Assam CAA protest: Nagaon Baptist Church curtails christmas celebration. NorthEast Now, https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-nagaon-baptist-church-curtails-christmas-celebration-in-protest-against-caa.html.

[35] Migrator. (n.d.-a). Cottonians pay tribute to Anti-CAA Martyrs at Cotton University. The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People, https://www.sentinelassam.com/cities/guwahati-city/cottonians-pay-tribute-to-anti-caa-martyrs-at-cotton-university.

[36] Migrator. (n.d.-a). All assam law students’ union protest against CAA at Guwahati Club. The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People, https://www.sentinelassam.com/cities/guwahati-city/all-assam-law-students-union-protest-against-caa-at-guwahati-club.

[37] Migrator. (n.d.-c). Hundreds participate in “Ranasinga” against CAA at Guwahati Club. The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People., https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/hundreds-participate-in-ranasinga-against-caa-at-guwahati-club.

[38] Students in northeast boycott classes in protest against Citizenship Act. Hindustan Times. (2020, January 22), https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/university-college-students-in-northeast-boycott-classes-in-protest-against-citizenship-act/story-jLecduuOiUC1DnvgXK54TL.html.

[39] India Today. (2018, June 29). Massive protests held in assam against citizenship amendment bill. India Today, https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/massive-protests-held-in-assam-against-citizenship-amendment-bill-1273652-2018-06-29.

[40] CAA protests: Winds of change in Assam. Frontline. (2020, January 18), https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30544563.ece.

[41] Kashyap, S. G. (2017, April 1). AASU, indigenous groups warn centre against settling Hindu bangladeshis in Assam. The Indian Express, https://indianexpress.com/article/india/aasu-indigenous-groups-warn-centre-against-settling-hindu-bangladeshis-in-assam-4595565/.

[43] Migrator. (n.d.-a). AISF and SFI take out procession against Citizenship (Amendment) bill. The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People, https://www.sentinelassam.com/cities/guwahati-city/aisf-and-sfi-take-out-procession-against-citizenship-amendment-bill.

[44] Migrator. (n.d.-a). Aasu and30 ethnic organizations stage massive protest against cab at Lakhimpur. The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People, https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/aasu-and-30-ethnic-organizations-stage-massive-protest-against-cab-at-lakhimpur/.

[45] Migrator. (n.d.-d). CMSS holds human chain protest against CAA in Abhayapuri. The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People, https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/cmss-holds-human-chain-protest-against-caa-in-abhayapuri-517811.

[46] Ojha, M. K. (2020, February 1). 50km human chain in Tinsukia over act. Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) | 50km human chain in Tinsukia over Citizenship Amendment Act - Telegraph India, https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/50km-human-chain-in-tinsukia-over-citizenship-amendment-act/cid/1741472.

[47] Assam: 500 join hands in Aasu Human Chain Protest Demanding “CAA” withdrawal. India Today NE. (2022a, June 28), https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-500-join-hands-aasu-human-chain-protest-demanding-caa-withdrawal-407593-2020-02-03.

[48] Human chain a new tool to intensify anti-CAA movement amid Covid-19 - Time8. (n.d.), https://www.time8.in/human-chain-a-new-tool-to-intensify-anti-caa-movement-amid-covid-19/.

[49] Bhattacharyya, S. (2021, November 11). CAA Birudhi Oikya Mancha members form human chain in Jorhat to register protest. NorthEast Now, https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/caa-birudhi-oikya-mancha-members-form-human-chain-in-jorhat-to-register-protest.html.

[50] Bhattacharyya, S. (2021a, November 11). Assam: Aasu, AJYCP Spearhead protest against CAA in Jorhat. NorthEast Now, https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-aasu-ajycp-spearhead-protest-against-caa-in-jorhat.html.

[51] Kaman, P. (2021, November 11). Assam: Voices against CAA get louder in dhemaji. NorthEast Now, https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-voices-against-caa-get-louder-in-dhemaji.html.

[52] News, N. N. (2021c, November 11). Assam: Massive rally at titabar against CAA. NorthEast Now, https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-massive-rally-at-titabar-against-caa.html.

[53] News, N. N. (2021d, November 11). Assam: Police resort to “lathi-charge” on AASU protestors in Tezpur, torch rally blocked in Guwahati. NorthEast Now, https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/aasu-launches-anti-caa-stir-across-assam-torch-rally-of-students-body-blocked-by-police-in-guwahati.html.

[54] Migrator. (n.d.-b). Aasu launches Gana Hunkar programme against CAA in Tezpur. The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People, https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/aasu-launches-gana-hunkar-programme-against-caa-in-tezpur-515956.

[55] Indian American Muslim Council condemns police brutality during anti-CAA protests in India. SabrangIndia. (2019, December 20), https://sabrangindia.in/indian-american-muslim-council-condemns-police-brutality-during-anti-caa-protests-india/.

[56] Migrator. (n.d.-e). Assam “gamochas”, walls become anti-CAA Protest Scrolls. Deccan Herald, https://www.deccanherald.com/india/assam-gamochas-walls-become-anti-caa-protest-scrolls-786612.html.

[57] News, N. N. (2021e, November 11). JNU student from assam with another activist arrested in Delhi for anti-CAA Protest. NorthEast Now, https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/jnu-student-from-assam-with-another-activist-arrested-in-delhi-for-anti-caa-protest.html.

[58] PTI / Dec 22, 2019. (n.d.). Congress kicks off 800km long “padyatra” in Assam to protest against CAA: Guwahati News - Times of India. The Times of India, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/congress-kicks-off-800km-long-padyatra-in-assam-to-protest-against-caa/articleshow/72927350.cms?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=TOI&utm_content=om-bm&fbclid=IwAR1zJvF8Nw5r4nsBLqN3el4OQZTCXaj3dbtKE8YAeQYCBzW4844QIaymCYI .

[59] Migrator. (n.d.). Northeast student bodies resume anti-CAA protests. Deccan Herald, https://www.deccanherald.com/india/northeast-student-bodies-resume-anti-caa-protests-1137042.html.

[60] Migrator. (n.d.-a). Axam Xahitya Xabha protests against CAA in Biswanath District. The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People, https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/axam-xahitya-xabha-protests-against-caa-in-biswanath-district/?fbclid=IwAR20YPcgASpY26DPz501yQVqzZuaq2NtRhEfOQV_R4eSgNEmS2M1C1EW8SI.

[61] Migrator. (n.d.-c). Srimanta Sankardev sangha protests against CAA in Golaghat District. The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People, https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/srimanta-sankardev-sangha-protests-against-caa-in-golaghat-district/?fbclid=IwAR2Il0REePaJUxc8L5ujhZ_MO64SIUtnfesHfR_vMfXgEN_Z9oGm4cfLdbI.

[62] Zaman, R. (2020, January 22). Thousands take part in Act protest in barpeta. Guwahati | Thousands take part in Act protest in Barpeta - Telegraph India, https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/thousands-take-part-in-act-protest-in-barpeta/cid/1738755.

[63] “this is the second assam agitation”: Ethno-nationalist leader Shrinkhal Chaliha. The Wire. (n.d.), https://thewire.in/rights/shrinkhal-chaliha-interview-assam-caa.

[64] Migrator. (n.d.-c). “Pfi, CFI workers involved in violent protests against CAA,” says Himanta Biswa Sarma. Deccan Herald, https://www.deccanherald.com/india/pfi-cfi-workers-involved-in-violent-protests-against-caa-says-himanta-biswa-sarma-1149002.html.

[65] 100 organisations Unite under One banner “we the people of india” against CAA. G Plus. (n.d.), https://www.guwahatiplus.com/guwahati/100-organisations-unite-under-one-banner-we-the-people-of-india-against-caa.

[66] Protests against CAA at Maulana Azad National Urdu University enters 7th Day. Business Standard. (2019, December 20), https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/protests-against-caa-at-maulana-azad-national-urdu-university-enters-7th-day-119122100085_1.html .

[67] Former president of Nehu Assam Students’ Association, Partha Pratim Medhi raised the CAA protests and other issues of assam at the UN stage in Geneva.it...: By NEHU assam students’ association - NASA. Facebook. (n.d.), https://www.facebook.com/NASANEHU/videos/195734475022602/.

[68] CAA 2019: Assam association of North America writes to Modi. NorthEast Now. (2021, November 11), https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/caa-2019-assam-association-of-north-america-writes-to-modi.html.

[69] Scroll.in. (2019, December 21). Citizenship act: Student groups write to US Congress, seek sanctions against Modi government. Scroll.in, https://scroll.in/latest/947512/citizenship-act-student-groups-write-to-us-congress-seek-sanctions-against-modi-government.

[70] Indian students in Israel stage a silent protest against new citizenship law | Sandipan dasgupta | the blogs. (n.d.), https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/indian-students-in-israel-stage-a-silent-protest-against-new-citizenship-law/.

[71] TNN / Updated: Dec 18, 2019. (n.d.). 400 students from19 US universities condemn attack on protesters: India News - Times of India. The Times of India, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/400-students-from-19-us-universities-condemn-attack-on-protesters/articleshow/72861427.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst.

[72] 23, P. D. (2019, December 23). Indian-Americans protest against CAA, NRC in front of Gandhi statue in Washington - CNBC TV18. CNBCTV18, https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/indian-americans-protest-against-caa-nrc-in-front-of-gandhi-statue-in-washington-4926881.htm.

[73] Migrator. (n.d.-a). Assamese community protest in London against CAA. Deccan Herald, https://www.deccanherald.com/world/assamese-community-protest-in-london-against-caa-785881.html.

[74] Akhil Gogoi’s treatment by Indian Govt decried at United Nations. India Today NE. (2022, June 28), https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/akhil-gogois-treatment-indian-govt-decried-united-nations-406882-2020-03-10.